The main problems of the modern institution of civil participation in the implementation of local government in Russia have been analyzed in the article. Modern effective tools and processes, in the context of “civil participation” have been described. A number of issues and problems of formation of the institute of local government has been considered The democratic nature of the local government implies, the principle of transparency of the decisionmaking system at the local level and high level of trust of the population to local governments. Based on the study of processes, taking place in the country, as well as the analysis of scientific literature on civil pariticpation issue, the author highlights the factors, influencing the level of public confidence in the activities of local governments and the decision-making process by actors in the process of interaction between the authorities and society, in terms of ensuring the democratic nature of the local power.
The aim of the analysis of the process of building the system of local government, under which social activity and civil participation in the implementation of the local government requires an interdisciplinary approach - to develop effective solutions and technologies of work with citizens, local authorities, that will lead to increased transparency in decision-making and enhance public confidence in the local authorities. In consideration, that developed institute of civil participation is a complex institution, which is an indicator of the democratic principle of organization of power, at the same time requiring a more thorough analysis of the type of relationship the actor process of interaction of authorities and society and their objectives, the author puts forward several theories, whereby you can ensure the effectiveness of the process of “participation”, in the context of mainstreaming, as described by the author.
In the same way modern and effective tools and techniques have been described in the article, the application of which, according to the author, will lead to greater transparency in the work of local government authorities.

The level of development of the state as a whole depends on the professionalism of public servants, because the public servants participate in all processes of making state decisions and their further implementation. Professional staff can ensure successful implementation of all government development programs, because the personnel potential is thus the driving element affecting all the processes taking place in the state apparatus.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the weaknesses of the management of the civil service personnel and to determine the methods for assessing competencies and labor functions of civil servants of Armenia. While carrying out the scientific research, the tasks were set to study the best foreign practices in the management of public servants’ competencies, to conduct a survey among public servants to look at the issues from their perspective, and to determine the most popular competencies in the civil service. Within the scope of the research international practice of personnel management in the public service as well as some related legal acts have been studied, and an internal survey has been conducted among the civil servants of the Republic of Armenia (40 people), including the civil servants from the State Social Security Service and the Ministry of Territorial Administration of Kotayk region.
The study has revealed, that in Armenia personnel potential management in the public service sector is carried out at a rather low level, which requires fundamental changes. In that respect, timely and efficient staff training has been offered along with the implementation of competency assessment methods to job requirements. Also features of the ontological approach in solving the problems of personnel formation have been presented in the paper.

The directions of the ecological-oriented development of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex have been analyzed through the implementation of the principles of rational resource consumption. The purpose of the article is to form the scientific basis for the effective use of non-renewable resources by enterprises of the agro-industrial complex in modern economic conditions. A study has been conducted on the causes of waste accumulation in agricultural enterprises and the stages of the greening mechanism of the enterprise functioning have been analyzed. The mechanism of greening the functioning of an enterprise has been considered on the basis of an analysis of the stages, which implies the consistent introduction of technologies and equipment, which makes it possible to reduce the negative impact of agricultural enterprises on the environment.
On the basis of the developed general strategy of the enterprise in the field of resource consumption, two models of resource management of an agricultural enterprise have been presented through the use of insourcing and outsourcing tools. The model using insourcing tools assumes the reorientation of the company’s own assets, that are not used in production activities for the cleaning and processing of secondary resources. The model with the use of outsourcing tools assumes the involvement of third-party organizations for the collection and processing of waste in secondary resources. The range of effective implementation of the proposed models in the activities of an agricultural enterprise has been determined. 
The importance of advanced management training in the field of agricultural economics in the interests of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex has been denoted and proposals from the State University of Management (SUM) in this area have been presented. The Department of Environmental Management and Environmental Safety has proposed the preparation of masters for the implementation of all activities stipulated by the educational standard in the field of agro-ecological management. The structure of the proposed educational program “Agroecological Management” contains disciplines (modules) of a theoretical and applied nature, that are relevant for the study by specialists of the agro-industrial complex in accordance with the need to solve modern environmental problems.

Global digitalization processes are transcontinental and trans-industry in nature. There is no sphere vital activity, that does not feel the influence of digital institutions. Economic activity of agents is most sensitive to digital innovations and market shifts.
The process of integrating digital innovations into the activities of large foreign companies, based on the study of foreign sources, has been considered. The dignities, advantages and disadvantages of this practice have been adduced. The consequences of the ill-conceived unbalanced policies of companies in the context of following fashion trends, happening in the digital environment, have been analyzed separately. The conclusion about the need to customize Russian companies to the modern requirements of the global digital market has been made. It is noted, that the domestic practice lags behind not so much in the mechanism of implementation of modern digital practices, but in the efficiency of their use and qualitative growth of the organizational structure due to the synergetic effect of digitalization of production and all related procedures and processes.
The authors have concluded, that the management of a modern company should be based on the interaction of all stakeholders, and not due to the dominance of processes and hierarchy, which in turn, will require changes in the management of organizational culture. At the center of this interaction there are digital social tools, the useful functions of which are obvious, on the one hand, determining the dynamics of interaction (openness, sincerity, human communication), on the other - expanding the area of awareness of participants in the interaction. Herewith it has been noted, that the use of modern information products is necessary in a certain balance with standard offline work tools.

Actuality, content and advantages of strategies of the business internationalization, detecting and creating new markets are often remaining underestimating and ignoring of many subjects of the world economy. During formation of strategies and competitive advantages are missed the problems and possibilities of the world market and competition for the accelerated and outstriped self-developing of the business subjects. The gap is increased between traditional approaches to the strategies and real needs of the world, between temporary advantages and stable competitiveness, between competitive leaders and majority subjects of the world and national economies. The existing barriers for business internationalization are determined mainly by the traditional mental-goal oriented arrangements. Considering strategies are connected with ensure of the leadership on the world markets, that means more than the largest market share or quantitative its changes.
The modern leadership in the world includes the superiority in innovation ability unique technologies, key competencies, setting up perspective directions of progress, new standards and game rules for the competitors. The psychological leadership often precedes the market leadership, it is its cause and foundation. The world market champions are highlighted by psychology superiority and intellectual leadership, implying desire to appoint the tendencies on the market not only go after them. The hidden champions became leaders, because they offered entire world their best and incessant improved products/services to all world clients. The combination of specialization (concerning products and know-how) and global broadening of the market/niche has diversity advantages, including of economies on scale, experience curve and temporal monopolization of the market niche.
The strategy of revealing and creating new markets and market niches can form and create not only big companies, but middle and small enterprises, having unusually initiatives, invention initiatives, creation capabilities in finding and creating the new markets/niches. Transnational expanding the business can be calling out by the different motives, but it should start as early as possible and realise as quickly as possible. The leaders of the world economy create their products, possibly more distinctive and not accept еру definition and the boundaries of the market, given by their competitors, instead, they determine their market themselves.

The factors, causing the rapid expansion of the shadow economy (informal economy) in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa have been considered in the article. The shadow economic sector is the largest and fast growing sector in the region, therefore, it is necessary to study and make policy recommendations for development. The authors have studied some definitions of the shadow economy of well-known authors and outlined the essence and background of these definitions. Furthermore, the factors, dragging the development of the sector have been considered. The reasons behind low financial access among these enterprises have been studied. It has been revealed, that information asymmetry is one of the main problems, which limits access to finance by firms of the shadow economy. Consequently, small, (lower) access to finance limits the innovation activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, through which these firms produce goods and services to address (meet) local needs.
However, the role of the shadow economy cannot be overlooked as the sector provides more than 55 % of employ and also contributes more than 50 % of the region’s gross domestic product. Thus, it is more able to stifle small and medium-sized enterprises in the informal sector of the economy and their innovative projects, which can slow down the technological industrialization and economic development of the region. The author’s position on measures to solve the problems of financial accessibility and access of shadow small and medium-sized enterprises to financial resources in the region has been substantiated. Thus, there is need of great attention of policy makers and the business community in tackling the problems, designated in this article, because it contributes to the economic and innovative development of the region.

The problems, associated with the development of new digital technologies, which, in turn, have an impact on the activities of large financial institutions of the Russian Federation, have been examined in the article. The aim of the study is to analyze the current situation in the economy, related to the growth of the market for digital products, their integration into the existing model of providing financial services to clients, as well as finding solutions to the joint activities of financial corporations and financial and technological companies. The definitions and main activities of financial corporations and fintech startups have been given in the article. The advantages and disadvantages of a large financial corporation and developing companies, operating in the field of digital technologies, as well as the positive results of combining their resources, have been highlighted. Positive examples of world experience in cooperation between the two types of these organizations and the attitude of the main regulator of the Central Bank of Russia to the development and implementation of financial technologies in the country’s economy have been adduced.
The problems and opportunities of high competition in the struggle for the modern consumer, which lead to the rapid development of the entire financial industry market, have been analyzed. The results of the study have showed, that every day, worldwide, fintech companies test a significant number of digital products, various open architecture tools, methods of transferring information through blockchain technologies, and optimize and integrate into the existing systems new client base programs, that completely change the main business processes of large enterprises and have a significant impact on the main consumer - a person. This indicates the need for further research aimed at studying and analyzing the integration of financial corporations with technology companies, changing the existing business model, finding new approaches to the modern consumer and creating a new organization development strategy in the digital economy of the country.

The issues of changing the characteristics of labor potential in the transition to the technogenic society in the postindustrial community, which the processes of further urbanization and development of mega-cities are typical for, – have been examined. The technogenic society has been considered as the community, the basis of which is characterized by reducing dependence of a person on social groups, amplification of personality in creative work, changing of motivation pattern, high pace of social changes, alteration of interpersonal communication models. The movement of quantitative characteristics of labor potential is due to decreasing birth rates, the increasing share of older age groups, the downward changing of migration scale. Trends in the qualitative characteristics are pre-determined by the possibility of continuous learning and self-education. This in turn leads to changing of the situation in the labor market, where low-skilled workers are becoming non-competitive. High qualification fundamentally change an employee’s motivation: the significance of material incentives decreases, external motivation changes for the internal one, the meaningfulness of work, the independence of work performance, the responsibility for decisions taken, become an issue of the highest priority.
The transition to the new culture of the technogenic society requires alteration of both professional and personal communications. The communication environment moves increasingly into the virtual world. However, a need is noted to lay emphasis upon the risks of the technogenic society, that relate to the increased scale of a person’s presence in the virtual world and to manage such risks. The risks of the technogenic society are connected with a person’s dependence on cyberspace, which has a negative impact on his or her mental health, and permanent using of electronic devices pre-determines risks of deteriorating his or her physical health. The digital transformation of the society requires the special attention to the safety of presence in cyberspace not only from the point of view of anonymizing of the personalized content, that identifies a particular person, but also taking into account the geolocation of his or her physical presence in the geographical coordinates of the real space. With the virtualization of all aspects of a person’s life, there are the increased risks of changing attitude towards the family values, forming the fundamental basis of the society’s functioning. The technogenic society contributes the risk of conscious single life, rejection family values. This risks will be catastrophic for the existence of humanity.

In the 90s of the twentieth century, due to the formation of new independent states in the post-Soviet space, as well as a change in the constitutional foundations of Eastern European countries, the governments of the countries were faced with the task of ensuring economic security of the countries.
In the scientific literature, there are three main paradigms for solving the problem of the country’s  economic security: the paradigm of the country’s national interests; the paradigm of independent and independent development of the national economy; paradigm of sustainable development of the national economy. The economic system of the country, with its characteristic mechanism, operates in a cyclical mode, consisting of four stages: development, slowdown in development and stagnation (crisis), recession and depression, stabilization. It is necessary to have a toolkit (methodology), allowing one to foresee the onset and completion of all stages of the functioning cycle, the lead-time of more than 30 years. The structural and conjuncture equation of the country’s economy functioning cycle in the long-term period, with a leadtime of more than 30 years, can be used to determine the time of occurrence of economic threats in the national economy. The basis of the macroeconomic model of safe functional organization of the national economy of the country has been laid the equation of the cyclic functioning of the national economy, as a dynamic system, developed by the author, the equation of the cyclic functioning of the national economy of the country on the long-term period. Based on the equation of the cyclical functioning of the national economy of Azerbaijan, the time of the beginning of the slowing down rate of development of the national economy of the Republic has been determined. Three basic conditions for the safe functioning of the national economy have been offered. Based on the method, developed by the author, the basic conditions for the safe functioning of the national economy of Azerbaijan have been determined.

The issues of legal regulation of investment activity at the level of the Federation entities of the Russian Federation have been considered. The purpose of the research is the study of strategic documents in the field of investment activities of the Federation entities of the Russian Federation and the regulatory framework. The object of the research is the mechanism of strategic planning of investment development of territories. An empirical study of the implementation of investment processes in Russian regions has showed, that legal regulation is heterogeneous, but in general, well presented and allows improving the investment climate and encouraging investment, as well as to some extent influencing the economic security of the regions. The experience of the functioning of specialized organizations to attract investment and work with investors, the organization of public-private partnership at the regional level has been studied. The algorithm of approval of investment projects of territorial development has been presented.
On the example of a large Russian region - the Altai Territory - the provisions and principles of the investment declaration of the subject, such as equality of the subjects of entrepreneurial and investment activities, involvement of subjects of entrepreneurial and investment activities in the investment process, transparency (openness) of information, the use of best practices of work with investors have been considered. A set of internal measures and instruments for the implementation of an effective investment policy at the regional level has been determined. Attention has been paid also to the relevant issue of concluding concession agreements as a way to develop territories and implement infrastructure projects. Internal measures have been proposed to increase the investment attractiveness of the Russian regions, in particular, are necessary the transformation of the business climate, increasing the responsibility of regional executive authorities for the investment development of territories and creating a favorable investment climate, ensuring the availability of long-term financing sources for investment projects, the development of venture financing and crowdfunding. 

Based on data from official American statistics, the issue of wages in the United States of America manufacturing industry has been considered. This study is an important area of study of modern social and economic problems of the United States. Manufacturing plays an important role in the economy of the US, because it creates a material basis for all other industries. The trends and problems in this area have been revealed in the article. For a comprehensive analysis a systematic approach, economic-statistical and logical research methods have been used in the paper. A comprehensive study of wages in the most important sectors of the national economy has been carried out, based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the US Department of Labor. Separate attention has been paid to the category of “production workers”, whose share is about 70%. The statistical data on the average annual wage of production workers by industry according to the NAICS have been adduced. The significance of the manufacturing industry in creating, maintaining and returning jobs for the US economy has been shown.
The difference in wages depending on the level of education, work experience and profession has been analyzed. The data on the highest paid industrial professions have been adduced. The uneven distribution of the manufacturing industry by states has been shown. It has been noted, that the reduction in the coverage of the trade union movement of American workers is another factor, affecting the level of wages. The correlation between production volume and Gini Coefficient in the USA in the period from 1947 to 2014 has been presented in the article. It has been noticed, that the growth of inequality in the US income and the decline of the manufacturing industry are interrelated.

The article outlines the scientific approaches to the formation of digital technologies of the ecosystem of professional education and management of the formation of human capital for the real sector of the Russian economy. It has been proposed to highlight specific competences as training units (quantums), digitize them, create a level classifier and build an ordering system, a system of choice used for order fulfillment, a continuous (from general education to professional education for a given position) professional education system based on individual educational trajectories with well-defined (digitized) parameters and focused investments in human capital. Using the formed systems, it has been proposed to provide digital modernization of the main didactic processes with guaranteed achievement of specific diagnosed learning outcomes in accordance with the order.
For new competencies it is possible to develop ontological models of employee professional activities. Herewith it is planned to solve several important tasks, including the development and adoption of a general concept of continuous professional education, the selection and classification of didactic units for specific professions, the development and introduction of a classification system for educational organizations according to their levels of competence, the development and introduction of a system for qualifying teachers, formation of a system of educational trajectories (necessary competencies) for business, development of pedagogical technologies standards that guarantee the achievement of results (the right people - in the right place - at the right time). It has been offered to select several branches of the real sector of the economy for the implementation of pilot projects with the subsequent dissemination of experience throughout the Russian economy.

The article proposes to carry out the process of developing a new financial system of the BRICS States in the following sequence: to transfer foreign trade between the States to settlements in national currencies, with the subsequent development of its own unit of account, which will subsequently be able to replace the dollar and the Euro in mutual settlements within the BRICS; develop your own cryptocurrency or choose one of the existing cryptocurrencies, which for a certain period will be one of the possible elements of the settlement mechanism in the mutual trade of these five countries; to develop supra-national crypto-currency for the countries members of the BRICS. This process will be very complex, as it will require many technological, macroeconomic and organizational challenges.
To solve the problem of building a new financial and monetary system of the BRICS countries, the article analyzes the actual level of digitalization of financial activities in the countries of the Association, on the basis of which proposals are developed and the following conclusions are formulated: crypto-currency operations are not completely prohibited in any of the States of the Association, and the prohibitions apply only to certain operations (ISO, mining, exchanges). Cryptocurrency is not recognized as a legal means of payment; in the BRICS countries there are no own, national cryptocurrencies, and only projects of future cryptocurrencies are developed, taking into account the features of the set goals
of economic development and management of cryptocurrency activities; the countries of the Association do not abandon the use of blockchain technology in the field of economy and Finance, as it ensures the openness and security of data storage, the creation of centralized exchanges, the exchange of goods and services; the BRICS countries should be interested in a gradual shift away from dollar dependence. The instruments of this movement are the national currency, its own, internal unit of account, its own national cryptocurrency, supranational cryptocurrency.

The decomposition of social problems of management digitalization has been proved, presented and investigated in the article, the directories and formats of their positioning have been selected and opened consistently. Key objects of the research are manifestations of influence of social problems on setting, development and implementation of programs of management digitalization, approaches, opportunities and examples of definition of options of their resolution. Conducted analysis and formulated conclusions allow us to create complete representation and to implement applied recommendations about selection, a research and solution influence of social problems on management digitalization of modern organization. This is especially relevant today, when national, sectoral and regional programs for the digitalization of the economy and management define one of the key trends in breakthrough socio-economic development.
The examples of the manifestation, study and resolution of social problems of digitalization from the actual practice of managing leading, efficiently operating domestic enterprises in the real sector of their sectors have been analyzed. The presenting material has been collected, processed and adapted by the author in the process of development, implementation and maintenance of the use of organizational and methodological materials commissioned by these organizations, as part of the implementation of applied research. In the statement of the provisions of the article, the material has been also used, collected by the author on open resources and in the processes of interaction with organizations of the infrastructure, that are actively introducing and widely using digital products and databases in management practice. Carried-out analysis of specific material actually involved in the processes of enterprises and organizations allows us reliably, adequately and prospectively oriented to identify, evaluate and decompose the existing range of social problems of management digitalization.

The “yellow vests” protest movement began in France at the end of 2018. These protests are the most widespread in the country since 1968. The causes of the emergence of the “yellow vests” movement and the dynamics of the involvement in them of representatives of various regions of France have been considered in the article. Initially, the protesters expressed disagreement with the increase in taxes on fuel as a claim against the French government. Gradually, the requirements expanded more and more, acquiring political overtones.
Most of the population began to live worse due to lower incomes. The rating of the French President E. Macron has fallen markedly since his inauguration, and the support of the country’s population has declined significantly. During his presidency, tax breaks mainly affected only large businesses. The poor people were disadvantaged due to the reduction of social payments, as well as an increase in direct and indirect taxes.
The main reasons of occurence of the “yellow vests” movement are the dissatisfaction of the French with their economic position and the decline in the living standards. The article notes, that this movement has gone beyond the borders of France, covering other Western European countries such as Belgium, Spain, Italy, Germany, Sweden, which are experiencing similar problems. The main differences of this protest movement from those, that happened in France before, have been considered in the article. The economic and political demands, that were put forward by the protesters to their government and President E. Macron have been presented. The prospects for the development of the “yellow vests” movement in modern France have been considered.

The problem of the evolution of power as an indicator of structural transformations has been considered. An analysis of Russian practice allows us to draw a number of conclusions of interest to political science. A retrospective analysis of the evolution of power types provides additional knowledge about the political process and reveals an important political and managerial aspect for this study. Attention has been focused on the structural transformation of the current government.
The interdependence of the subject of power and the object of power determines their interaction. It can be different (conflict, consensus, close) and characteristic of a certain type of political system (absolute and constitutional monarchy, presidential and parliamentary, presidential-parliamentary, confederative, federal republic). Monarchist rule with elements of coercion is doomed to conflict interaction, which predetermined the half-heartedness of all reforms in the Russian Empire. The traditional legitimization of power did not contribute to the improvement of interaction. Soviet rule, effective in mobilizing society, with real achievements, did not escape a critical number of negative indexes. Almost one hundred percent legitimization of the Soviet government did not remove doubts about its strength. The democratic legitimization of power requires it to implement a program of transformations in the system of power and society. The evolution of power is an accurate indicator of transformations in society. Political structuring remains the prerogative of the current government. Difficulties in the implementation of the program force the government to shift attention to maintaining stability in society.
A well-structured power is a condition for its effective functioning. The efficiency of power (fighting corruption, ensuring of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, solving social problems, etc.) is due to its ability to respond adequately to challenges and find consensus in decision-making in political turbulence.