The article deals with the features of regulation of financing of capital investments by budgetary and autonomous institutions. After the reform of the system of state and municipal institutions (2011-2013), the budget and autonomous institutions were given a special financial and legal status. The procedure for capital investment has changed many times in recent years. In the article the tendencies of changing the legislation in this sphere in recent years are considered. A transitional period was established within three years after the reform of the system of state and municipal institutions, during which public authorities could independently determine the form of capital investment by subordinated budgetary and autonomous institutions. Institutions could make capital investments in the manner determined for the recipients of budgetary funds in 2011 and 2012, as well as receive subsidies or be vested with the powers of the state customer (in 2013). Since 2014, two forms of capital investment have been established at the federal level (subsidies and budget investments). In the article two existing forms of capital investments are considered, their comparative analysis is carried out. In accordance with the current legislation, subsidies for capital investments are made for the purpose of creating fixed assets for the needs of budgetary and autonomous institutions. The institution in this case does not become a participant in the budgetary process. Budgetary investments are provided for the purpose of creating an object for the needs of public institutions or public (municipal) authorities. The institution in this case acts on behalf of the public (municipal) authority. The conclusion is made about the expediency of the existence of two forms of financing capital investments. The possible areas of granting budgetary investments to state and municipal institutions are considered.

Concepts of «smart cities», development of innovative environment in territorial space, problems of formation of new environment due to increase in innovative activity, a tendency in approaches to innovative development of territories, characteristics for definition of city development are considered. The modern role of megalopolises as points of growth with which agglomeration (accession, concentration) represents process of the megalopolis creation is noted. The structure of agglomeration is formed by the cities, settlements, residential districts which don›t have clear physical boundary. The model of strategic management of the city based on the principles of system approach, integrity (definition of border and control system of all agglomeration), emerdzhenticy (achievement of synergetic effect), hierarchy (idea of orientation of the strategic analysis), self-organization (compliance to laws of the theory of organization) is investigated. The specifics of the innovative environment are defined by it ability to generate synergy, value added of elements from their interaction. The innovative environment is considered by the main source of creation of value added in the course of industrial production. New environments appear in new territories and result from association of factors of production: finance, work and raw materials in the production organization. Six key characteristics of the European approach to development of urban areas are selected - creative economy (smart economy), rational mobility (smart mobility), effective environmental management (smart environment), the educated population (smart people), a healthy lifestyle (smart living), the professional government (smart governance.) The status of «smart cities» is offered to be given to the cities of Russia after assessment on compliance to the accepted indicators of the Geneva Charter, the basic among other estimated indicator of territorial development it is necessary to accept the index of steady satisfaction of inhabitants of this territory.

The article deals with the one of the most difficult aspects of the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) - risk management. That partnership is the answer to the solution of problems with the choice of an effective way of development of transport, social, communal and other infrastructure. The practice of using PPP forms is gaining popularity in the territory of Russia. The authors considers the matters of the Russian economy improvement by readjustment the existing risk management paradigm of a PPP. An integral part of highly professional risk management is the definition of management objects in the economic sphere. A number of controversial issues related to classifications of risks of PPP is raised in the article. Since the domestic theory has not yet solved the problem of clear and comprehensive risk identification in the implementation of projects based on PPP, it is necessary to develop such a classification is now becoming particularly relevant. Various available points of view on this issue are analyzed. The authors propose their position on the classification of risks for the territories of advanced development proceeding from the environment of their origin. The developed classification will help stimulate the PPP market from a practical point of view in different sectors. The modern advantages of using advanced development territories in the Russian Federation and recommended them as an organizational model of PPP are revealed. It should be noted that to date there is no single system of documents for the development of regional infrastructure, which causes a lot of uncertainties in the course of making a decision on this transaction.

The article describes the experience with tourist zoning in Bulgaria - main principles and goals of the tourism zoning into separate tourist regions. The tourist regions and their main indicators have been analyzed. The Concept was approved in 2015 and plays a key role in the development of the Bulgarian tourist product on the international market and the popularization of the country as an all-year round tourist destination. Currently the tourist zoning occupied the entire territory of the country and consists of nine regions: Danube Region, Balkan Mountains Region, Rose Valley Region, Thracian Region, Rhodope Region, Rila-Pirin Region, Sofia Region, Northern Seaside Region, Southern Seaside Region. Each of the above regions has its own specialization and uniqueness, which allows for a more effective regional marketing and makes each region more recognizable. The article summarizes the system of management of the regions and the government’s support in the creation of organizations which participate in the management of the tourist regions. A comparative analysis of the tourist zoning has been made in comparison with other EU countries like Ireland, Croatia, and Romania. The result of the analysis shows that the other countries also have regions with disproportionate allocation of territory and level of development of tourist development. As a conclusion, a well-developed tourist zoning is an effective instrument for the development of the tourism potential and the diversification of the tourist product taking into account the needs of the international markets. The tourist zoning experience can be used by Russia in the development of a marketing plan for the international market for tourist services.

The article deals with the problems of efficiency of evaluation and selection of scientific and technical projects of priority development directions of the national economy for their financing from the federal budget of the Russian Federation. The improvement of existing competitive procedures is proposed using the developed tool for the evaluation of the final result - the aggregate product of a scientific and technical project, considered as a set of all possible product outputs that have utility in various sectors of the economy, including as conversion solutions. For targeted use of the state’s investment resources in strategically effective areas, when selecting projects, it is proposed to link them to allocatively grouped sectors of the economy which consider the sectors of the strategic core as well as sectors of the I and II kind. The indicator of the aggregate product of the project is estimated by its use value as an additive form of convolution of the partial indicators of technical quality of all possible project outputs using the evaluation of their marketing support in possible sales markets. The article deals with the organizational and procedural schemes of proposed solutions for improving the evaluation of scientific and technical projects, as well as the economic and mathematical tools for ranking the priority directions for the development of the Russian economy for the financing of scientific and technical projects from the state budget. A polyciritorial evaluation of the final result of the project and use of the aggregate product as a resultant estimator of the use-value criterion makes it possible to objectify complex procedures for competitive selection of large-scale projects, increase their economic performance, as confirmed by the approbation studies on the example of the project for the creation and production of multifunctional on-board radar equipment.

In the article managerial and financial aspects of holding FIFA (фр. Fеdеration Internationale de Football Association) World Cup 2018 in Russia are disclosed. Foreign experience was analyzed, in particular, outstanding characteristics of holding FIFA World Cups in Brazil 2014. While having prepared for the World Cup 2014, Brazil spent almost 3 bln USD on building new stadiums and restructuring of existing ones. However, no attention was paid to remoteness of the arenas to popular football clubs’ locations, which led to serious problems with match - attendance and huge financial loses. Based on the analysis of Russian experience the need of complex approach to management of sports infrastructure objects as well as the development of a long-term development program on the part of federal and municipal regulatory bodies was identified and justified. This document is expected to reflect specific economic and legislative guidelines of stand-alone governmental structures. On the ground of the carried out survey, potential directions of subsequent utilization of sports infrastructure objects were formulated by the author which should be included into three groups. Sports-oriented exploitation implicates direct use of the objects in the capacity of arenas for conducting football matches and other competitions as well as other sports competitions (for instance, hockey, basketball, boxing and others). Commercial use supposes lease of territories and premises of the stadium. Culturally recreational use is about holding exhibitions, concerts, forums and conferences as well as citywide festivals, corporate and public events. Combination of mentioned above variants of use is possible.

The knowledge-intensive enterprises, in the course of their activity, face a combination of various threats and the attendant risks. In the article the authors proved the importance of the problem of improving the risk management system in the aviation industry. The relevance of this study is justified by the need to improve the quality of management decisions taking into account the impact of risks in the implementation of complex innovative projects for the creation and operation of aviation equipment. The article contains the results of a study to identify new approaches to solving the problem of effective management of aviation industry enterprises, including risk management, as part of the overall management system of the enterprise. The existing risk management system, substantiates the main shortcomings and develops proposals for its improvement are described. As a result of the work done the authors developed a risk management system that allows timely detection of risk factors and assess the impact of the implementation of a risk event on key performance indicators of enterprises. The application of the proposed risk management system will allow to provide a new approach to risk-oriented management in the industry, with the possibility of making effective management decisions at different levels of management, from sectoral to project management, which will increase the level of economic security of enterprises in modern conditions, ensure effective interaction between enterprises with the ability to make managerial decisions at different levels of management - from project to industry. The economic effectiveness of the proposed risk management system will be manifested in the selection of the optimal management solution, with efficient use of limited resources, in improving the indicators that characterize the economic security of enterprises.

The article includes the analysis of the current state of differential games theory based on the maximum principle of academician L. S. Pontryagin. The optimal solution of conflict, but not (strictly) analytical games and the question of the uniqueness of the optimal solution are investigated. The author composes and analyzes a system of four nonlinear ordinary differential equations with parameters, and their (dynamic) variation leads to the improvement of successive approximations of the exact solution, the finding of which is very problematic. The article includes several examples: the model of military operations with a certain arsenal and the analysis of two non-antagonistic games - the dynamic model of trade between Great Britain and Portugal, as well as between Russia and Belarus.The article shows how the problem of differential economic-mathematical game arises from the simplest problems of classical variational calculus. Sufficient conditions for the PontryaginMangasarian maximum and their applications to the study of economic problems are investigated. The transition to the study of the continuously differential game of international trade is shown. Possible strategies of players’ behavior in non-antagonistic (positional) games are investigated. The problem of the lack of statistical information (base) is reduced to the study of not absolute, but relative values of phase variables, which is guaranteed by the stable structure of the corresponding economic and statistical model. The conclusions can be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students of economic and mathematical profile. The implementation of the proposed development of the author assumes the existence of a strong base of economic-statistical (experimental) data and the emphasis of the relevant decision-maker. The results of the article can be useful for the practice of analysis and forecasting.

The driver of the modern global economy is digital technologies under the influence of which not only new kinds of professions, goods and services are formed, but also challenges for enterprises and the organization of various fields of activity. Digitalization affected the IT-sphere, the activities of financial organizations, production, marketing, healthcare. In the Russian Federation the development of digital technologies in various fields of activity is of great importance, which is reflected in official documents, targeted government programs, business analysts and business practices. All this actualizes the study of the problem of management transformation in non-financial organizations under the influence of the spread of digital technologies.The article examines the strategic challenges facing non-financial organizations of Russia in the digital economy. In the course of solving the tasks set, the formation and development of the digital economy, its essence and content, as well as the prospects for its development in our country, were studied; the program documents and directions of the state program for the development of the digital economy are analyzed. It is proved that involvement in the digitalization processes of not only financial but also non-financial organizations carries a huge potential in terms of improving the value environment of Russian business, since it makes transactions in the shadow economy, corruption schemes, etc. transparent. The authors have proved that the revival of traditional values of Russian entrepreneurship on a new modern basis will increase the level of trust in society, will promote the development of innovations in industry, energy, agro-industrial complex, education and sustainable development of the economy as a whole. The authors structured the challenges of the digital economy for non-financial organizations in our country and formulated proposals for improving the ecosystem of the digital economy.

Development of digital economy of Russia is influenced by regularly arising calls and threats. The sphere of their emergence extensive and difficult predicted. The reasons of their emergence are connected with prob-lems of development of digital economy. In article the calls and threats arising on the way of development of digital economy which can rather conditionally be united in two groups are considered: the first group - organi-zational, technical and technological and the second group - information security. Similar division of the arising calls and threats promotes definition and the choice of forms and methods of fight against each of them. In article development barriers which often are a subject of calls and threats are considered and generalized. The first barrier - unavailability of the enterprises and organizations to be engaged in development of production and representation of services with use of network technologies. The second barrier is the lack of the qualified IT experts. The third barrier - ensuring cyber security. The fourth - threat of mass unemployment owing to introduction and development of IT technologies. Further the threats and calls connected with overcoming the fourth barrier, concerning perspective changes of labor market, the increasing role and influence of robotics are in more detail considered. Besides, increase of changes upon completion of which, by different estimates, tech-nologies of the Industry 4.0 will lead about 610 000 jobs to reduction is noted begun in the industry, under the influence of technological shift, but during the same period can also about 960 000 new vacancies will appear. A number of risks which are born in itself by «digitalization» and which are connected with possible loss of national originality, culture and language are considered. In article measures which, as a result of their application will allow to operate the arising technological hazards are brought and recommended and to increase the general scientific and technological level. Management of the arising calls and threats is a component of management of development of digital economy, but there are some features connected with uncertainty of their emergence both on time and in the direction and in the place. But it doesn’t exclude a possibility of risk management and threats according to the scheme of manage-ment of development of digital economy of an object

The subject of the study is the current model of formation and implementation of public policy in Russia. The purpose of this article is to analyze and develop a detailed description of the main distinguishing features of this model and to identify the factors that caused them. At the same time the author focuses on the political and cultural factor as the fundamental basis of the national model of public policy in any country. Among other components of the national model of public policy the institutional center for the adoption of political decisions, the features of the system of representation of interests, and the technology for making political decisions are singled out. Primary data were obtained as a result of an in-depth expert questionnaire as well as a focus-group interview.The article gives a detailed description of the Russian political culture, especially the perception by citizens of the main institutions of the political system (the state and its key institutions, political parties, socio-political organizations, etc.). At the same time, the author relies both on the results of previous studies in this area and on the latest data from Russian Public Opinion Research Center. The analysis of the peculiarities of citizens’ perception of the main political institutions made it possible to draw a conclusion about their direct connection with the specifics of the domestic system of political representation.The main theoretical result of the research is to substantiate the author’s approach to public policy research. It is proved that the public policy should be interpreted as the result of interaction of the state, civil society institutions, scientific, expert and business community with the decisive role of the former. No less important research result is the substantiation of the author’s understanding of the national model of public policy, its structure and features of manifestation in modern Russia. The practical significance of the results is due to the possibility of their use in the development of concepts, strategies and doctrines of public policy in various fields, as well as policy documents of political parties and other socio-political organizations.

At the end of 2010 - beginning of 2011 political leaders of Germany, Great Britain and France made statements for «a multiculturalism failure» that became a significant event in socio-political and ethnocultural life of Western Europe. Certainly, leaders of three leading countries of the European Union didn’t put into question the need of harmonious coexistence of representatives of various ethnocultures and religions in one state. They focused attention of the world community on incorrectly chosen principle of the organization of interaction of various ethnoconfessional and cultural communities living in the territory of the national state. Today practically everywhere the structure of modern national states loses the uniformity, and explosive forces of multiculturalism generate very serious political and sociocultural problems. Due to that we encounter with the question whether it is possible or not to find an adequate background to reach a unification of the civil and ethnic nation? This article is an attempt to answer this question.The analysis of trends in modern ethno-cultural policy in some European countries allows us to consider the dynamics undergoing ethno-political and sociocultural processes, in some cases as a solution to actual economic tasks and labor migration, in others - as a search for optimum ways of artificial creation of unified multicultural space.The conducted research allows to conclude that the declaration of the principles of multiculturalism doesn’t give a guarantee of achievement of interethnic tolerance, on the contrary, its functional application in a form of a certain formal technique, is obviously unpromising right where the target state policy is realized

The article is devoted to the study of traditional foundations of Russian political culture and their influence on formation of national characteristics of political relations, political transit and political process as a whole. The author gives a description of the basic fundamental features of Russian political culture that for a long period of time determined the main vector of social development in Russia, as well as approaches to, and points of view on the nature and reasons for their formation existing in Russian scholarship. The article gives an overall assessment of the factors behind the specifics of state and political development of Russia. Among these are: «anticapitalist» and «antiproprietory» mentality of Russian people, state paternalism, sacralization of power. But the most important factor is the leading role of the state in regulating political and social life of the society (statism). This fundamental peculiarity of the political process in Russia accounts for a specific national «profile» of public policy which delimits the possibility of development in the country of civil society with its attributes and characteristics. The main task of the author is the study of origins, nature and character of the relationship between Russian statism and political radicalism that for a long time were two basic features of the Russian political tradition. The article substantiates the idea that Russian statism, as a traditional basis of Russian political culture, and Russian nihilism were historically and objectively interconnected and interdependent. They complemented each other and formed the Russian authorities’ world outlook accounting for a nihilistic attitude to complex manifestations of real life, a bias for simplified generalizations and schemes, dogmatism in building their ideals characteristic for Russian political and intellectual elite. The author maintains that this, among other things, was the reason for the breakdown of Russia in 1917 that led to the collapse of historical statism.