The aim of the study is to assess the polarity and polarization of the economic development of territories by homogeneous groups. The object of the study is the economic space of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subject of the research is the essence of polarity, polarization and leveling in the socio-economic development of territorial entities. The research methods are comparative, logical, statistical analysis, the analysis of structure and dynamics, graphical interpretation of the results.
The author proposes an original method for assessing the polarity and polarization of the spatial development of the region. The method was tested on the example of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The paper presents a graphical model of polarization and leveling of polarization by typological homogeneous groups of municipalities. Homogeneous groups are characterized by the presence of a significant relationship between indicators of macroeconomic dynamics, the content of internal structural interactions and dynamic changes in spatial structure. According to the types of polarization the author presents strategies for advancing and catching up development, strategies for equalizing with stagnation, the formation of a gap. The article shows optimal leveling limits.
The author draws a conclusion, that among municipal districts of the same typological group, gaps are formed and further polarization occurs. The paper detects that, despite the difference between homogeneous groups of municipalities on the socio-economic level, the processes of polarization are similar for each indicator. The study concludes about a unified system of management policy in the region for all municipalities.

The article analyses the current practice of economic regulation of airport activities of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The author concludes, that the demand management tools available to the air transport market entities of the EAEU member states are limited.
In order to eliminate this limitation, the paper proposes the idea of an integrated information management platform for marketing management in public-private partnership with a shift in focus towards the demand for transport services. The study formulates the main tasks, that such a platform should solve, as follows: 1) managing the flight schedule of airlines and the work of railway and bus operators at the airports of the EAEU member states; 2) the management of a database on the demand for air transport services from tourist operators, as well as enterprises involved in the organization and holding of exhibitions, conferences, cultural events; 3) the management of an integrated system for offering air transport services for cargo and mail delivery.
The paper gives recommendations for the formation of a single transport space of the EAEU member states through a digital decision-making system for assessing the economic potential of airports. In the course of the study, the author clarifies the concepts of "natural monopoly" and "competitive market".

The article gives an overview, performs analysis and classification of successful managerial practices applied at Russian industrial enterprises in the framework of the national project “Labour productivity and employment support”. The paper emphasizes the main factors of labour productivity growth as follows: investment policy, growth of human capital, and efficient use of managerial capital of enterprise.
In order to determine the need of enterprises to increase labour productivity, the author proposes four universal criteria that signal the existing inefficiency even before the loss of competitiveness: 1) the dynamics of labour productivity in the company is not positive during a given period; 2) the company is behind competitors by labour productivity indicator; 3) the company is behind competitors by labour productivity growth rates indicator for a certain period; 4) unit production costs rise.
These criteria allow you to take into account the situation both within the enterprise and in comparison with other enterprises. Each criteria can be considered separately or in combination with the others, applied to enterprises of different industries, specialization, and scale. Criteria indicate the direction of development in which the company is experiencing difficulties at the moment, or may experience them in the future.

The subject of this study is trade between Russia and Vietnam. The purpose of the study is to identify historical features, prevailing trends, development trends, current status and prospects for the development of international trade between the specified countries. The research method is based on the logistics function of P.F. Verhulst and consists of: 1) selecting predicted values, initial value and indicators used for forecasting; 2) calculating the indicators necessary for compiling a system of equations; 3) forming a system of equations and solving it; 4) calculating forecasted indicators; 5) building a graphical forecasting model; 6) formulating conclusions.
The paper presents a historical overview of trade relations between Russia and Vietnam. The study develops a mathematical model for forecasting exports and imports of Russia and Vietnam by individual indicators until 2025. The authors perform the calculation using statistical data for the period 2011–2018. The article presents the results of calculations graphically. Based on the results of calculation the paper formulates the main directions, trends and prospects for the development of foreign trade of both countries until 2025.
The results of the study can be used to teach disciplines that deal with trade issues between Russia and Vietnam. The research materials may be of interest to business companies and government agencies dealing with issues related to international trade and forecasting.

The article considers the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the impact of tariff preferences on foreign trade between two countries. The analysed measures were: dynamics of the Russian Federation’s exports to the Republic of Serbia, dynamics of the Russian Federation’s imports from the Republic of Serbia, tariff preferences applied between countries.
The article provides statistical data on the dynamics and structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia for 2010–2019 and their dependence on the application of tariff preferences, as well as indicators of trade between the EAEU and the EAEU member states with the Republic of Serbia for 2017–2019. The paper analyses the possible directions of Serbia’s participation in the EAEU and the European Union, assesses the benefits of creating a free trade zone between the EAEU and Serbia, as well as the costs of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. The importance of tariff preferences in the development of foreign trade relations between Russia and Serbia is shown.

The article considers the processes of digitalization of migration as a state policy aimed at improving the regulation of migration flows. The purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of digitalization of migration in Russia and at the international level, the positive aspects of this process and the main risks and threats arising during the implementation of digital technologies for making managerial decisions. The relevance of the study is associated with the necessity of introduction of digital technologies in the state management of migration processes. The paper reveals the concepts of digital transformation and the digital state. The authors note the difficulties that arise when trying to define digital technologies due to the unique and changeable social environment in which they are created.
The study used systematic and comparative methods, content analysis of print and electronic media, analysis of scientific sources, which made it possible to study digital technologies as an object of state management of migration processes. According to the results of the analysis the paper concludes that digital transformation technology can influence the management of international migration in three different dimensions: 1) increase the gap between developed and developing countries; 2) contribute to the modernization of traditional methods used in the practices of international organizations; 3) influence the adoption of new, more informed management decisions in the field of migration to ensure border security.
The authors reveal the main problems that developers of digital technologies and representatives of government bodies may face when mass implementing these technologies in migration practice. The conclusions of the article can be useful for interested government authorities involved in the regulation of migration processes.

The article considers the method of planning the production capacity of a high-tech enterprise based on the application of the Pontryagin maximum mathematical model. The presented method is aimed at increasing the productivity of the equipment installed at the enterprise, in order to optimize the time spent and the volume of products produced. The study analyses the activities of research and production enterprise in order to improve the level of efficiency of production capacity management. The purpose of the research is to organize an effective process of planning production capacities of a high-tech enterprise based on the application of the Pontryagin maximum mathematical model, which allows you significantly to increase not only equipment performance indicators, but also optimize the time required to complete the current production program.
The author tested the algorithms, models and methods proposed in the article at a research and production enterprise engaged in the production of high-tech products. The use of the obtained models will allow you to optimize peak loads in the current production program at the enterprise, reduce the labor intensity indicators in the annual production plan, determine the necessary amount of production equipment, which will eventually reduce the amount of necessary investments. The paper gives a practical example of the organization of a new type of production aimed at manufacturing various parts of complex shape.

The article considers business process outsourcing from the point of view of the strategic basis for the activities of enterprises in an unstable economy. The paper shows that, presently, the outsourcing strategy is becoming the new norm and is changing the entire world economy. The study uses the author’s approach, based on the methods of scientific generalization, comparative analysis, systemic and situational approach. The paper justifies the application of the outsourcing strategy at enterprises, ascertains the main advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. The author develops a model of enterprise transformation based on business process outsourcing. The study gives recommendations for outsourcing business processes, the implementation of which will allow enterprises to optimize their management strategy in an unstable economic situation. This article can serve as a basis for further research in the field of strategic management based on outsourcing technologies.

The subject of this research is the theory of traffic flow modeling and modern transport infrastructure in cities and regions. The article discusses the classification and application of various models of correspondence on public transport routes – network, route, and multimodal.
The paper carries out a comparative analysis of two route models: 1) based on the intervals, where input information about each route is limited to its tracking by the transport network graph, the sequence of stops, the times of movement between stops and the frequencies of movement of vehicles; 2) based on schedules, that use detailed information about the schedules of vehicles along routes (arrival time and departure time for each stop). The study concludes that in models based on schedules, it is possible to define not behaviour strategies, as in the case of models based on intervals, but specific paths for each correspondence. As a result of the analysis of multimodal models of organization of transport flows, the author came to the conclusion that the most popular at present are models of distribution of correspondence along multimodal routes.

The article analyses the domestic and foreign practices of making decisions on financing projects related to demography, health, and social protection of the population. The paper considers declarations, concepts, and strategies directing to solve the problem of population aging, which is relevant for countries of the Europe, North America, the Russian Federation. The authors investigate the issues of an assessment of the social effect of implementing strategies and programs for active longevity, in domestic science and practice and conclude, that at present, universal methodology is not developed, and the existing standard approaches are adapted from the management of corporate structures. The purpose of the article is to test the system of measuring the social effect of implementing the concept of active longevity in the region.
The methodological basis of the study are the factor approach, methods of analysis of time series, the factor approach, as well as recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Organization (UN) and the European Union (EU). The scientific novelty of the presented results lies in the author`s methodological developments: the interpretation of the social effect of the active longevity strategy and the system of statistical indicators for assessing the social effect in the implementation of active longevity strategies in the region. The practical significance of the results is that the regions of the Russian Federation can use the author’s system of social effect meters to monitor strategies and programs for the implementation of active longevity. The use of the system of indicators will provide a solution to the problem of its quantitative assessment, it will allow us to find out the shortcomings of regional target indicators at the planning stage and will help to increase the level of consistency of the goals of regional strategies with national goals and requirements of international organizations.

The paper considers the concept of sustainable development that has been shaped under the influence of the planetary ecological crisis associated with the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment and awareness of progressive mankind of the need for developing a new, non-anthropocentric, approach to environmental management and nature in general. The authors perform a historical review of the origin and development of the concept of sustainable development as it appears in the international regulatory documents that reverberate the decisions on changing the course of the entire world community from technogenic to sustainable development. The study highlights the contribution of proposals to the legislation of the Russian Federation to take joint actions in order to promote the “green economy” with the Constitution of the Russian Federation dwelling upon the environmental articles, e.g. the major legislation of the environmental law On Environmental Protection adopted recently, and a number of codes to ensure nature management scoping the regulations for environmental and legal responsibility.
According to the Russian experts, the transition to sustainable development in each country and in the same country throughout history may have different priorities, which is reflected in the legislation. In particular, the Government has approved the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. Currently, the legislation dwells upon the prevailing anthropocentric trends, but when the idea of sustainable development reaches the critical mass, a transition from the consumer worldview to a respectful and friendly attitude of humans to nature where they belong seems hopeful.

The purpose of the article was to study the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sustainability of workers. The paper analyses relevant domestic and foreign publications in the field of labour and employment. There is no single point of view regarding remote employment as one of the most effective ways to preserve health of workers. Among the main disadvantages of remote employment are the lack of live communication and contacts with colleagues, difficulties with organizing the workflow in the technological aspect, as well as the difficulty of combining work and household responsibilities. Researchers have an unambiguous position on reducing the number of working hours, fears of losing jobs or earnings – such risks are increasing in many regions of the world, and part of the population has already directly faced such problems. At the same time, for example, fears of losing a job largely depend on the form of ownership, the specifics of the organization’s activities, etc. The study pays particular attention to the situation of certain categories of workers and vulnerable segments of society in the labour market. The authors outline the prospects for remote employment and maintaining the sustainability of the position of workers in the new socio-economic reality.Keywords: coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, employment, labor market, labor relations, non-standard employment, remote employment, transformation of employment, unemployment

The article considers the process of human rights regulatory development since the mid XXth century and adoption of social and legal responsibility by states in relation to migrants. The author analyses the legal status of migrants on the territory of the Russian Federation, European Union countries, the USA. The paper raises a wide range of issues related to granting socioeconomic rights and ensuring access to medicine to former compatriots, who returned to Russia and their children. The study notes that in recent years, Western countries have been reviewing approaches to state regulation of the social sphere, which in some cases discriminates towards refugees and displaced persons from other countries. The paper estimates the impact of the global epidemiological crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-economic situation of migrants, the provision of medical and social assistance to the population of countries. The author concludes that in the context of COVID-19 pandemic states should provide migrants with free medical care and find effective social support mechanisms. The pandemic should not be used as a justification to undermine the guarantees of migrants’ rights.

The article considers and analyses the basic principles and directions of Russian foreign policy activities during the presidency of V.V. Putin from the moment of his assumption of the post of head of state to the current presidential term. The authors determine the basic principles of Russia's foreign policy in the specified period and make the assessment to them. The study uses materials from publications of both Russian and foreign authors, experts in the field of political science, history and international relations, as well as documents regulating the foreign policy activities of the highest state authorities.
The paper considers the process of forming the priorities of Russia's foreign policy both from the point of view of accumulated historical experience and continuity of the internal order, and in parallel with the processes of transformation of the entire system of international relations and the world order. The article notes the multi-vector nature of Russia's foreign policy strategy aimed at developing multilateral interstate relations, achieving peace and security in the interstate arena, actively countering modern challenges and threats to interstate security, as well as the formation of a multipolar world.
The authors conclude that at present, Russia's foreign policy activity is aimed at strengthening Russia's prestige, supporting economic growth and competitiveness, ensuring security and implementing national interests. Internal political reforms contribute to strengthening the political power of the President of the Russian Federation and increasing the efficiency of foreign policy decision-making.

The subject of the study is the social network theory for the management of international migration. The theory suggests that migration from the society of origin to the hosting society can occur if links exist between these two societies, and that the flow of migrants follows the established links. The theoretical prediction which one can make is that, if the political administration wishes to establish a flow of migrants between any two societies, a link between these two societies must be established first.
The author tested the theory on the case of managing the emigration of workers by the government of Bangladesh. The paper found that, firstly, the links between the origin society and the host society were created artificially, however, in contrast to the theoretical forecast, the author observed that such links usually do not correspond to the geographical distribution of maximum proximity to origin or destination society. Instead, the study revealed, that the closeness of communication between two societies is generated by the proximity between political administrations of the same societies, which contradicts the theoretical expectations. In this regard, the author proposed to expand the theory of international migration in the social network, suggesting that the proximity between two political administrations, and not between two societies as a whole, is a condition necessary for international migration. This, in turn, allows us to fill a theoretical gap that is associated with the relationship between social network theory and the management of international migration. The paper concludes that it is possible to generate arbitrary migration flows, creating appropriate links between any two societies.