The article provides a comparative assessment of various scientists and economists studying theoretical approaches to sustainable strategic development of innovative potential of industrial enterprises. The conducted research identifies the main directions of the theoretical approaches to its study, both by Russian scientists and foreign ones. In this regard, it is necessary to pay more attention to the processes aimed at ensuring stable economic growth and, perhaps, even be unable to influence them. In the context of transforming global economic relations, the stability of economic systems is a key element of the development and strategic growth of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises. It is needed to introduce and use various theoretical approaches in the process of forming directions for the strategic development of this potential contributing to the effective establishment of the industrial complex. Methodological approaches of scientific research to the conceptual and essential characteristics and categorisation of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises as part of the economic system are also considered and systematised. The obtained results of the conducted research can be used in assessing the theoretical foundations aimed at studying the theoretical directions of industrial and spatial development of the country’s economic sectors and at the strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises.

Agriculture has experienced many crises in recent years. The need for public authorities to respond was caused not only by the pandemic generated by the SARS-CoV and that disrupted production and supply chains, but also by the increase in the number and scale of natural disasters. The article shows that public authorities have taken measures to support the agricultural sector, ensuring their implementation both in the short term and to reduce their impact on future shocks through introducing temporary bans on export, decreasing (or increasing) tariffs, etc. The article indicates that in most countries, government support measures were aimed at ensuring domestic food supplies and overcoming market disruptions. In the context of the global economy, the policy of supporting agricultural production was characterised by conditions of high energy prices and regular disruptions in value chains in the world trade. Scientific research on the creation of conditions for the development of agriculture reflects various aspects of the topic of climate change mitigation, vulnerability of agriculture to climate change, and adaptation of agricultural and food systems. The article considers the features of the programme-target method in providing support to the agricultural production through the development of public policy measures. The Australian experience in implementing the Smart Farms programme is presented in the context of programme blocks with an analysis of the technologies used; key approaches in organising the selection of the programme participants and the risks of its realisation are highlighted. It is concluded that the implementation of the target programme has made it possible to expand the possibilities of digital transformation in agriculture and ensure the provision of budgetary funds on a competitive basis under openness and transparency of all the stages and procedures.

Transport infrastructure, especially railway infrastructure, plays a key role in economic development, ensuring efficient movement of goods and people. It is characterised by high capital intensity, long operational lifespans, and generation of socio-economic effects. Therefore, there is a need to improve the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of creating and developing transport infrastructure objects. The traditional approach to evaluation is based on discounting cash flows. When applying this method, significant capital investments are compared with devalued effects in subsequent years due to discounting, during which the infrastructure object reaches the specified estimated load. Moreover, it does not consider the fact that the transport infrastructure benefits and holds value not only for the current generation but also for the future one. Additionally, it, as an economic good, cannot be seen as a one-timely consumed product: this transportation service cannot be accumulated. For a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of the efficiency, particularly in the case of railway transport, it is proposed to consider the results of long-term operation of the transport infrastructure at full (estimated) load not in the future but in the present (present сontinious). The economic assessment indicators include initially invested and adjusted capital, annual effect, efficiency ratio, and the value of the transport infrastructure object. The research results aim to provide an adequate assessment of project implementation efficiency in the field in question. In the future, the methodology can be enhanced by defining risks of not ensuring normal infrastructure load throughout the entire calculation period as well as by assessing the reduction in profitability or increase in transportation costs.

This paper examines the theoretical foundations and provisions for the formation of balanced economic growth and development of the region considering its territorial, socio-economic, resource, and structural features and using the Republic of Tatarstan as an example. The paper analyses the theoretical and methodological apparatus proposed by scientists and specialists in ensuring the economic growth and development of the region. The purpose is to identify the main risks, factors and problems in the economic sectors of the Republic of Tatarstan, which to one degree or another are capable of influencing the processes of forming the balanced economic growth and development of the region. Based on the analysis, the paper identifies common problems for the regions and formulates the main directions for improving the economic situation in the region, and also submits for consideration the authors’ model of interaction between enterprises, state and municipal entities in order to reduce the negative impact of previously identified threats and problems, which considers new global challenges, transformations and restructures in economic processes associated with the introduction of restrictive measures, political isolation, various economic sanctions, and with the unresolved internal problems in the field of the economic growth and development of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Under the current Western economic sanctions, one of the most important tasks facing the state is to increase the level of innovation in the national economy. Investment and innovation activity has a direct impact on the volume of production potential and, as a consequence, on the formation of budget revenues. The subject of the study is the use of methods of tax regulation of innovation in the regions. The purpose of the article is tax incentives for investment activities by the methods provided by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in federal districts using the example of value added tax, corporate property tax, and corporate profit tax. The following methods аre used in the study: analysis and synthesis, generalisation, grouping, the tabular one. The information base for the research are the Tax Code of the RF, reports of the Federal Tax Service of Russia on these taxes. The work examines foreign and domestic experience in applying methods and benefits to stimulate innovative business activity. The study has found that in the regions, at an extremely low level, they take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Tax Code of the RF in pursuing innovation policy, in particular, in conducting research and development, using the methods of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, and investment tax deductions. The analytical data and conclusions obtained during the study can be used in the practical activities of regions and economic entities.

The relevance of the study is justified by the importance of monitoring and forecasting the subsidisation of the Russian regions in order to identify the main criteria for classifying subjects on the basis of subsidisation. In a brief review of the literature, mathematical models used to model the subsidisation of the Russian regions are considered. They have mainly fixed socio-economic indicators that need to be given attention while applying, and also regression models are used, but mathematically sound recommendations for the withdrawal of regions from clusters of subsidisation are not provided. The paper analyses the socio-economic and demographic indicators of the Russian regions applying methods that identify patterns in a multiparametric dataset. The methods of traditional statistical analysis and machine learning, including the author’s ones, are used. Statistically significant patterns have been identified, reflecting the relationship of subsidisation with such indicators as investments in fixed capital, fixed assets, average per capita income and average size of assigned pensions, unemployment rate, etc. The performed logical and statistical analysis strongly supports the use of machine learning (Data Science) methods in identifying statistically significant relationships between various indicators characterising the development of the regions of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the article is to evaluate theoretical approaches to the study of various scientific and practical approaches of sustainable economic development. The author of the work has the following tasks: to conduct a comparative assessment of various scientists and economists studying theoretical approaches of sustainable strategic development of innovative potential of industrial enterprises; to identify the main directions of the theoretical approaches to its research of both Russian and foreign scientists; to determine the vectors of the strategic development of the innovative potential of companies in the industrial sector; to analyse and classify the methods that scientists use to study the essence and typology of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises within the economic system. Finally, the theoretical approaches to the study of the sustainable development of the innovative potential of enterprises of the regional industrial complex have been evaluated and used, the research results are formulated. The methods and techniques of application of various innovative technologies, ways, etc. are considered and evaluated. At the present stage of sustainable economic development this is of great importance. The results of the conducted research can be applied while formulating directions for the industrial and spatial development of the country’s economic sectors as well as for the strategic development of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises.

Successful implementation of the lean manufacturing concept at an enterprise is impossible without the use of special management tools that allow timely identification of problems in the organisation’s activities and causes of their occurrence. However, the increase in uncertainty and unreliability of information creates significant obstacles in making both quick and accurate decisions. The need to select analytical tools to improve the reliability of management decisions requires careful choice of methods for making them. The article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the Ishikawa cause-effect diagram as an instrumental method of this process for improving production processes. With the help of the comparative analysis based on the use of the Ishikawa diagram, four problems have been identified that may underlie the inhibition of managerial decision-making. The advantages and disadvantages of applying this method in the field of enterprise management and decision-making in conditions of high-speed changes in the external environment are analysed. The most popular modifications of the Ishikawa diagram are considered. It is concluded that the Ishikawa diagram is an effective tool for making prompt and strategic decisions to improve production processes as well as to increase the success of implementing lean manufacturing principles.

The article examines the problem of structural and technological development of the Russian economy in conditions of an unfavorable external environment. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy at the micro level, several areas of the structural and technological development can be distinguished: generation of new business, accelerated development of successful (growing) enterprises, transition to restarting growth of enterprises that have been showing declining sales for a long time. The purpose of the work is to study the restarting growth of firms. The article assesses its economic results and also explores the influence of the entrepreneurial factor on the transition of enterprises to the restarting growth. The full sample consists of 2 918 enterprises that have been demonstrating a decline in revenue for a long time. This sample has been divided into groups of organisations that show and do not show the restarting growth. Using economic and mathematical methods, we have assessed the rate of revenue growth and examined the influence of the enterprise manager’s personality on the transition to the growth in the context of formed groups of companies. The paper has found that firms with the restarting growth show high rates of revenue growth that exceed its decline during the problematic period. The best results are demonstrated by a group of enterprises with the long-term rapid growth. Consequently, enterprises with the restarting growth can be considered as one of the options for the structural and technological development of the Russian economy along with the generation of new firms and development of growing enterprises. It has been proven that one of the growth factors is human capital, namely the head of the organization (entrepreneurial factor). Manager replacement has occurred more frequently in the group of enterprises with the long-term restarting growth compared to the group of enterprises that have not shown it. We believe that new leaders have initiated processes of digital and technological transformation of the business that lead to long-term growth.

The article examines the complex issues of Arctic security arising from changing geopolitical realities; explores the new Cold War atmosphere in the region mixed with melting ice, which affects military planning and opens new economic opportunities and access to natural resources. Particular attention is paid to the reasons for the competition of great powers for primacy in the Arctic. It is noted that in recent years, the region has begun to shift from the principles of international cooperation and has quickly transformed into an arena of great power rivalry. The military presence has increased as well as the competing economic investments and political activity from significant political actors: Russia, China, and the United States of America. Now that all the great powers are investing in the Arctic, the concept of peace and cooperation is giving way to the concept of security and deterrence. To examine these factors, thе article uses a typical neorealist view of international relations, arguing that the driving force behind the rapid growth of the Arctic race is not the region itself, but the transforming structure of the international relations, which tends to effectively reproduce the causes of global competition. It the author’s view, peaceful rivalry in the Arctic may not last long, given the lack of effective institutions to address security issues in the region and the fact that changes in the global balance of power also affect local disputes and grievances.

At the present stage, youth political leadership is in the focus of attention of researchers due to the fact that youth policy is an important part of public policy. The concept of the youth political leadership is relatively new and interdisciplinary, integrating politological, sociological, psychopolitical, and managerial approaches. To analyse the phenomenon, the systematisation of scientific approaches to the study of political leadership is conducted, 6 stages of the development of scientific thought from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI one are highlighted. The classical and modern theories of leadership are considered. The article substantiates the mediation of methodological approaches to the political leadership by the historical and political context and the level of development of the political culture of society. They are the basis for studying the structure of the phenomenon in question. It is proved that under the influence of digitalisation as the most important aspect of reality, as an attribute of politics and the socio-economic sphere, the structure of the youth political leadership is undergoing a change. Digitalisation makes adjustments to the existing scientific and methodological basis of the political leadership. The analysis of available leadership concepts has shown a movement from its personal aspect to the socio-interactive one, however, in the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to introduce a digital component of leadership. Based on empirical data, the modern structure of the youth political leadership is derived, consisting of three components: personal, socio-interactive, and digital.