Electronic payments like mobile banking services have been associated with unprecedented access to financial services in economies, where a large section of the population was underfunded or underfunded due either due to lack of proximity to bank branches. However, the continuous development of electronic payment systems, especially mobile payment in sub-Saharan Africa has brought about a rise in volume of cashless transactions, thereby reducing the use of cash for payment. This therefore promotes financial integration among the segments of the population as it offers those without access to the formal banking system a safe and efficient payment alternative to cash. Also, electronic payment usage also has enormous benefits to governments as it will potentially help collect more tax revenue by providing a clear electronic trail and transparent transactions that can readily be taxed.

Our study considers how mobile money services influence innovative economic growth. A linear regression analysis sub-Saharan African data for period 2011-2018 has been carried out. It has been revealed that mobile services and payments system have significant positive effect on economic growth, hence innovative development of the region. Based on these findings it is concluded that mobile payment services or systems are critical aspect of financial intermediation in sub-Saharan Africa as they offer them funds that can be drawn into the formal financial system from resources from both the population with bank accounts and the population without bank accounts, which can contribute to innovative economic growth in the region.

The development and implementation of the strategy for organizational reconfiguration of a digital heat and power supersystem to streamline the processes of providing structured technological zones with heat is the basis for creating a coordinated system for optimizing the tariff and price load on heat and electricity consumers in the Russian economy. The reform of the industry creates opportunities to form market financial sources for the implementation of investment projects in the heat power industry of Russia, as well as to modernize the production capacities of the heat power system and district heating systems.

The introduction in the industry of a mechanism for regulating the processes of providing heat energy services based on the transition to the system of Unified Heat Supply Organizations and providing a return on investment of the price trend in the heat market with the possibility of transferring departmental reporting and analytics to a single regulatory legal basis allows you to regulate the work of the power industry as a subsystem of the Russian energy sector with general information technology platform of fuel and energy complex.

The inclusion of Unified Heat Supply Organizations in market relations and the formation of game rules in the market using the principle of tariff setting according to the alternative boiler house rule allow you to create conditions for emergence of the heat market. Unified Heat Supply Organizations, being, on the one hand, a market structure, and, on the other hand - the basis for further consolidation of the efforts of stakeholders in supplying consumers with energy, become the basis of the “intellectual settlement” and in the future, the digital agent of the industrial Internet.

Unified Heat Supply Organizations provide, therefore, the digital modernization of power engineering. It becomes the material and information base for the formation of regulatory relations not only in heat supply, but with the development of automated systems for monitoring and accounting of energy resources in the field of electricity and gas supply and hot water supply, that is, Unified Heat Supply Organizations become the basis of a single information space for energy supply.

The results of study in order to determine the number of annual startup launches in the Russian Federation have been presented in the paper. The author’s review of the retrospective study of this topic showed that despite the interest shown in it, almost no materials are published about quantitative value of new startups in the Russian Federation.

Launches of new products of year period were selected for analysis and receiving quantitative indicators. In the course of the study, data on startups with signs of innovation were used. In the course of collecting primary information data from available Internet sources with open access, as well as printed publications with reviews of the current state of the venture industry, reports of research conducted by analytical, consulting and start-up investing organizations were obtained. The state of startups in a number of countries of the world have been analysed in the paper. Quantitative data on the state of startups in Russia in order to compare them with similar indicators of foreign countries also have been obtained. The status situation of innovative startups in Russia has been formed.

The research has showed that the official statistics of startups is not kept, b oth in Russia and abroad. The study has showed the contradictory nature of available data for analysis about startup launch industry state in Russia. In the proposed material an estimate of the number of startup launches on basis of official registration statistics for newly opened enterprises has been obtained. The analysis has been carried out and estimates of the number of annual startups on the basis of statistical indicators of innovative implementations have been received. The estimation based on an analogy with the known indicators of one of the country regions has been obtained. The final median estimate of the year quantity of startups for Russian Federation has been formed.

The results of research of risk management trends in the system for ensuring the economic sustainability of industrial enterprises have been presented in the article. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyse trends in corporate risk management of industrial enterprises. The study solved the following tasks: clarified the concepts of risk management and the main risks of the enterprise; determined the composition of corporate risks; disclosed the sources of risks that affect the economic stability of an industrial enterprise; investigated modern methodology of strategic corporate risk management. The necessity of identifying, assessing and determining priorities among risks with the further application of methods for their minimization, monitoring and control of risk events has been substantiated. The trends in corporate risk management in the field of intangible risk management have been analysed.

As a result of the study, the author proposed the main elements of the risk management planning process, including: managing operational risks of an industrial enterprise that cannot be planned in advance; management of financial risks arising from the impact of various markets on the assets of an industrial enterprise; strategic risk management or longterm planning of the industrial enterprise. Measures to reduce the risk in industrial enterprises have been developed: abandonment of business processes with the highest risks; optimization, minimization and / or reduction of risks; transfer of risks to outsourcing or insurance; taking risks and creating a backup plan of action in the event of a risk event at an industrial enterprise. The revealed current trends in corporate risk management in the system for ensuring the economic sustainability of industrial enterprises have been summarized and systematized, including: achieving a balance between the realization of opportunities for making profit and minimizing losses; implementation of risk management practices based on GOST R ISO 31000-2019; application of relevant risk management strategies; development ofbusiness processes with adequate means to control and contain risks; audit of risks and timely adjustment of measures to reduce them; risk outsourcing to an external agency; risk avoidance; accounting for risk management of intangible assets.

The article reviews the investment policy of the Eurozone regions in relation to foreign direct investments (hereinafter-FDI). A quantitative assessment of FDI in the global aspect and at the level of the European Union has been given. It has been determined that both global FDI flows and at the level of the EU economy decreased at the end of 2018. The rating of the Eurozone countries by the level of FDI for 2018, the leaders of which are Germany, Ireland and France, is given. The FDI market by type of economic activity has been analysed. It has been revealed that a large share of the market is made up of sales and marketing (up to 40%) and production sector (up to 30%). In more detail the trends in the investment policy of those countries that recorded a sharp growth or a sharp decline in FDI have been highlighted, namely, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Poland and Ireland. The main factors that negatively affect the investment situation in the European Union have been emphasized, including: General political instability, threats of global protectionism, high levels of public debt in a number of countries, fiscal reform and US economic policy, and others.

At the end, taking into account the current problems in the EU, recommendations have been formulated to activate the investment policy in the field of FDI at the level of this regional Association, aimed at promoting its socio-economic development. The main focus of investment policy development in the EU countries should be on aspects that promote macroeconomic and political stability, create a favorable business environment and create a reliable legal framework. In addition, it is extremely important to carry out structural reforms in the financial sector: to reduce the budget deficit and public debt in a number of countries. In conclusion, it is emphasized that by implementing an investment policy in accordance with the current needs of the Eurozone economy, it is possible to reduce the gap in the development of European regions and create an integrative and stronger economic Union.

Theoretical and methodological issues of assessing the insurance market of the Republic of Tajikistan in dynamics have been studied in the article, the “bottlenecks” of this market have been identified. The basic concepts of the insurance market have been substantiated and also the structure of the insurance market, indicators of insurance premiums and payments, level of payments, expenses of insurance organizations have been analysed, the main indicators of insurance market development have been assessed.

One of the problems of assessing the activity of the insurance market in the Republic of Tajikistan is an insufficiently developed system for collecting and processing statistical information. At the same time, in 2015-2019, insurance premiums increased by 2.5 times, insurance payments by 1.05, but the level of payments decreased by 3.3 times. Unfortunately, the analysis of the composition and structure of expenses of insurance organizations reflects not stable, unstable, chaotic development of the country’s insurance market. The dynamics of deductions to insurance reserves, insurance premiums transferred to insurance, as well as the dynamics of insurance payments is spontaneous, as a result of existing problems in the development of insurance institutions. But, despite the growing trend in indicators of the level of development of the country’s insurance market, it is still far from the level of development in the countries of the near and far abroad. However, the potential of insurance will allow organizations of various types of property to become an internal long-term source of investment in the country’s economy.

The problems of development of the insurance market of the Republic of Tajikistan have been revealed and conclusions and recommendations for its improvement have been formulated. The results of the study can be used in the process of developing a strategy for the development of the national economy and conducting social policy and state regulation of the economy taking into account the features and specifics of the insurance market of the country.

Syndicated loans and eurobonds are the major mechanisms for raising international financing. In this article the following types of financial instruments available to Russian corporate borrowers in the syndicated loans and eurobonds markets are considered: bridge loans, revolving credit facilities, terms and pre-export loans, project finance; bonds with one/several tranches, ruble-denominated eurobonds, benchmark and long-term bonds.

Syndicated loans and eurobonds are complex financial instruments available for corporations with the following profiles: (1) leading 1st and 2nd tier and companies with a track-record of raising international financing; (2) industry leaders (top-5 by market share) with annual revenue exceeding USD 500 mln; (3) companies with a significant share of export operations and foreign currency revenue that is required for the payment of interest and principal amounts of the loans and bonds; (4) borrowers and issuers with credit ratings from the international rating agencies; (5) companies with audited accounts prepared in accordance with IFRS. The SWOT-analysis of these financial instruments is given, as well as the comparative analysis that includes the following parameters: industry specifics, liquidity, publicity.

As part of the comparative analysis the execution schedule for syndicated loans and eurobonds transactions is considered. This schedule includes five stages: preparing the corporation for the transaction, working with banks, the syndication process, drafting the legal documentation, receiving the funds by the firm. The main characteristics of syndicated loans include flexibility of the structure, fast execution process and information confidentiality. This is why a syndicated loan is suitable for quickly raising financing from several key banks of the borrower in the case of an acquisition of another company. As the long-term solution, such loans can be then refinanced by eurobonds. The paper concludes that for the leading corporations the optimal choice between loans and bonds lies in the combined use of these instruments to solve various financial problems.

Organizations in almost every industry and country are reminded, all too frequently, that they operate in a risky world.

In this scientific paper, the extent of employees’ training effects on financial and human resource risks is investigated. For this purpose, one of the well-known courses - Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) in the gas processing company Fajr Jam was studied and its return on investments (ROI) was measured to determine the key indicators and the actual effectiveness of them that can also affect the risk. All GD&T training courses are considered as integrated and modular. In addition, since calculating the qualitative effects of each training course and converting it into financial impacts is one of the most complex and even impossible parts of ROI, quantitative effects were first calculated in order to identify the least visible effect of training on financial results. Thereby, it is possible to prove that, at least, these courses have a positive impact on the overall productivity of the organization. Then the qualitative effects, that are always the most important and influential role of training were defined.

In this research, interviews with experts in this field were used to determine the key indicators that are the basis for calculation ROI and to receive information. At first stage all aspects of the study were considered and then the assessment form of training ROI was compiled according to indicators. The results of this study we reahed, using a paired questionnaire that examines all the various factors in the achievements, which are evaluated to determine the effect of training in this process by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Expert Choice software. In this research, all GD&T courses were studied for a year and a half. Finally, ROI was 829 %. This circumstance shows that the economic investments in this training course were reasonable and within 5 years, the organization returned 8.29 times of its investments.

The possibility of using quantum correlations in the process of exchanging information between artificial intelligence systems has been considered. The benefits of using quantum correlations in such process include: high degree of information protection both on the physical level (electric and magnetic noise does not affect quantum correlations) and on the level of confidentiality preservation of information transmitted (any external interference results in data corruption without information disclosure); the possibility of full automation of information transmission process; the process is dissipation free (which follows from that the quantum correlations are performed between the quantum obj ects described by the same wave function); high speed of information transmission (higher than the speed of light). In this case the special relativity postulate concerning the speed of light is not violated, because it relates to inertial systems only; however, quantum correlation due to being dissipation free is an inertialess process (which follows from the well-known, experimentally-verified relationship between mass m and energy E: E = mc², where с is the speed of light). Feasible approaches to using quantum correlations for information exchange between artificial intelligence systems have been reviewed in the paper, in particular two versions of information transmission between artificial intelligence systems have been considered: with external synchronization of information transmission time and autonomous synchronization performed by interacting artificial intelligence systems. The main difficulty in implementing information transmission by means of quantum correlations is the necessity of using the so-called entangled quantum objects, that is the quantum objects having some mutually-dependent characteristics of their wave functions.

The problem field of understanding the essence of political technologies has been defined in the article. The nature of political technologies has been analysed. Semantic components of political technologies have been studied. The place and meaning of the adjective “political” in the semantic content of political technologies have been determined, the conditions for the acquisition of political functions by social technologies have been indicated. Numerical uncertainty in relation to political technologies has been removed. The peculiarity of adopting political technologies in their activities and other social subjects that differ from political actors has been shown. The author’s vision of the essence of the content of political technologies has been proposed.

The structure of political technologies in the context of its political indifference has been studied. Various authors’ approaches of scientists to determining the structure of political technologies have been analysed. The author’s vision of the structure of political technologies from the point of view of their political indifference has been offered. We refered to components of the structure of political technologies: the goal setting, the conceptual component, the content component, the procedural component, the performance-evaluation component. A brief description of the components of the structure of political technologies has been given.

The functions of political technologies from the point of view of their political indifference have been explored. The methodological bases, that served as the basis for determining these functions are political interests which are the political driver that encourages political actors to use a particular political technology or a combination of them have been offered.. The most significant, in our opinion, functions of political technologies have been highlighted. Examples of individual political technologies that most clearly characterize the selected political functions have been given. These examples show the functional indifference of political technologies.

The functional indifference of political technologies has been shown: in terms of their content, structure and functions, political technologies are "indifferent" to the political process, to the person who uses them.