The wave-like nature of the state defense order confirms the need to diversify the defense enterprises’ activities as a way to improve their sustainability and development, which allows them to maintain the required level of the country’s defense capability and economy mobilization readiness. Diversification into the civilian goods sphere makes it possible to use the defense industry complex competencies and resources to strengthen the country’s technological sovereignty and move towards technological leadership.

   The purpose of the study is to substantiate a set of measures for forming institutional environment and management system of defense-industrial complex diversification.

   The article considers the foreign experience of defense industry diversification and identifies the principles of interest for Russian enterprises. The systemic difficulties of defense industry complex diversification of methodological, institutional, organizational, socio-economic nature have been revealed. The fundamental bases for its effective implementation have been substantiated, including institutional conditions formation with a special administrative and legal regime, strategic technology transfer system organization, scientific and technological forecasting and planning system, the creation of a defense-industrial complex diversification three-level management system and a legal framework. The basis for the latter should be the federal law “On Diversification of the Defense Industrial Complex Organizations’ Activities”, and the first step should be the preparation of the Defense Industrial Complex Organizations’ Activities Diversification Concept.

   The Russian mineral resource complex is the basis for economy real sector development. The reserves of oil, gas, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, timber, and other raw materials are the strategic basis for the state economic development stability.

   The subject of the study is iron ore, by reserves of which Russia is confidently among the top three countries in the world together with Australia and Brazil.

   The global statistics on iron ore production looks a little different since China and India are ahead of Russia in terms of production volumes after the above-mentioned countries. At a time when the country is facing the task of achieving technological sovereignty, and the metallurgical industry is the driver of developing such industries as machine building, construction, and energy, the mineral and raw materials complex development issues are of undeniable interest and relevance.

   The technological development strategy of Russia will rely in its implementation on a stable metallurgical industry, where issues and main directions of ferrous metallurgy development have been identified, which are the main purpose of this study.

   The relevance of the study is due to the fact that international trade globalization and intensification increase competitiveness of not only domestic but also foreign producers, so the business sector expects to facilitate business conditions, simplify customs procedures, increase customs activities efficiency, and improve customs services provision.

   Goods transportation across the customs borders of countries around the world presents challenges in filling out documentation, transportation methods, information processing, and compliance with regulations that are not internationally harmonized. It leads to customs laws violations that must be detected during the customs control process. Consequently, customs regulation effectiveness will depend directly on the customs control results. The article presents a theoretical and methodological description of the procedure for assessing international trade customs regulation effectiveness in the EAEU member states, as well as a vector for developing a comprehensive set of performance indicators. The proposed assessment algorithm and the set of quantitative and qualitative indicators can be regarded as fundamental interrelated criteria that ensure improvement of efficiency of control over the customs authorities’ activities and corrective management decisions, if necessary. The application in customs practice of the proposed indicators for assessing international trade customs regulation effectiveness will contribute to customs policy effective implementation for the harmonious development of the EAEU member states’ economies, including Russia, in modern society and the basis of their sustainable political, economic and social development.

   According to macroeconomic estimates, the Russian economy is characterized by a relatively low level of labor productivity, two to three times inferior to the economies of a number of industrialized countries. The lower level of labor productivity in Russia in comparison with the leading global economies is manifested especially at the microlevel. Increasing labor productivity is one of the most important tasks of the domestic economy in terms of ensuring competitiveness in the world markets. The importance of this process is intensified in the current conditions characterized by Western sanctions aimed at weakening the Russian economy.

   This determines the relevance of the present study.

   The purpose of the study is to analyze the labor productivity state in the process of implementing the Labor Productivity and Employment Support project.

   The subject of the study is labor productivity at the micro- and macrolevels, in individual industries and regions.

   The study used data from the national project passport, official data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and methods such as analysis and synthesis, generalization, grouping, tabular, etc. The presence of significant inter-industry and intra-industry differentiation of Russian companies by the labor productivity level and different methods of calculating labor productivity, which makes it difficult to choose the most effective economic entities, has been revealed. One of the reasons for lagging behind other countries in terms of labor productivity is, among other things, the technological lag of domestic companies. At the same time, the regions do not sufficiently use the possibilities of tax incentives for investment by establishing a tax deduction, and labor motivation is weakened. The labor productivity indicator is not used in ranking regions by the socio-economic development level, as well as for the purposes of assessing regional managers effectiveness.

   The article studies global inflation determinants, causing it in recent decades and at the present stage under the influence of cascading shocks in world economy and financial system.

   The relevance of the problems summarized and analyzed in the article is explained by the significant risks of the inflation duration at the present stage, which is affected by an increasing number of shocks from demand, supply, and global financial system. In these conditions, even adaptive monetary policy may cease to be effective.

   The purpose of the study is to assess the nature and extent of developed and developing countries’ economies vulnerability due to inflationary shocks and to identify the inflation fundamental determinants in crisis conditions on the basis of retrospective analysis.

   Achievement of the goal implied the solution of such priority tasks as: global inflation dynamics factors identification considering the risks of stagflationary and recessionary trends in world economy; inflation new determinants identification in the context of changes in the scale and structure of the global financial market; assessment of monetary policy adjustment and adaptation mechanisms in the current inflationary environment; consideration of the current nature of supply and demand shocks and their impact on global inflation.

   The current inflationary shock is unprecedented, and the study assesses it in its historical context and for its similarities and differences with significant inflation episodes observed in the post-war decades. The key factors of inflation at the present stage have been analyzed in their relationship with the monetary policy key trends.

   The article studies regional oil and fat subcomplex development in terms of the cluster approach application based on coordinating economic interests of sunflower seed producers, processing and marketing organizations under the condition of appropriate government support, as well as methodological, organizational, and information support by the relevant structures. On the basis of the production and economic indicators analysis it has been revealed that in the Saratov region sunflower production is quite effective, but the lack of interconnection between the oil and fat subcomplex subjects leads to uneven production volumes and highly varying profitability in the context of municipal districts of the region and lost profits formation at all stages of product movement. The author has developed a scheme of the regional oil and fat cluster subjects territorial location, represented by the areas of the cluster production core (with sunflower production volumes above the average regional level), production linking areas (with sunflower production volumes below the average regional level), as well as areas with developed infrastructure (with the presence of processing and storage facilities, and transportation hubs), allowing to establish an effective logistics system with mutually beneficial cooperation between regions. On the example of sunflower seed producers in the Saratov region clustering efficiency has been shown, which consists in production costs reduction as a result of transaction costs reduction and sales revenue growth due to the increase in the sunflower purchase price. The study results can be used in programs and proposals development to strengthen integration ties between the agro-industrial complex subjects.

   The article presents the justification of model elements choice for technology parks work in the sphere of high technologies in Russia. The methodology for creating the model, which was built on the position of borrowing the best practices of existing models of innovation infrastructure facilities operation and functioning in the country, has been given. It has been proposed to form a rating among operating technology parks, within the framework of which a comprehensive assessment of technology park management companies’ performance has been carried out according to four groups of indicators (sub-indexes) such as subjects investment attractiveness, information openness, technology parks internal ecosystem, and management company efficiency. Based on the rating results, the leaders among technology parks have been identified, and their behavioral models adopted as reference metrics for the model to be developed. Based on the leaders’ position, it has been proposed to choose the best technology parks model in the field of high technologies in terms of their interaction with residents. Recommendations have been presented for the technology parks infrastructural model as the most promising for private companies, while investment projects should be developed considering federal requirements and standards to ensure their successful implementation and achievement of the set goals. Technology parks in the sphere of high technologies play a key role in Russian economy development. They contribute to the development of innovations, new technologies, high-tech industries, and knowledge-intensive business. It is important that such technology parks development is optimally organized with due regard to modern requirements and regulatory measures.

   The article explores and assesses the strategic initiatives of China and India in the Indo-Pacific region, identifies new geopolitical problems and strategic dilemmas, and discusses emerging opportunities and options to address evolving threats and challenges. Special attention has been paid to the policies of China, whose geopolitical interest revolves around three maritime zones such as the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. China has been generally successful in achieving its regional objectives, but it is precisely because of this that it faces growing challenges for itself since defensive security measures are interpreted by regional states as offensive, which in practice converts into a rather fragile “balance of threats.” India has focused on defending its territory with a strong network of allies, which represents an advantage for the country both commercially and militarily, as well as a crucial element in containing Chinese influence in the region. That said, India is not seeking to become a balancing force in the Indo-Pacific region, but is using the current tensions between the United States and China as a real chance to counter Chinese expansion. In the author’s opinion, the steady trend of military buildup (including in disputed territories), infrastructure network densification, and “special strategic and global partnerships” formation point to the strategic competition growth and increase the likelihood of confrontation escalation in the coming decades.

   The article studies history of migration among the countries of Central Asia and Russia, the factors and scale of emigration to Russia against the background of sanctions from the European Union and the USA, and migrants’ contribution to the economic and demographic development of the state. Migration processes from Central Asia to Russia have a long history dating back to Soviet times. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, migration took on unimaginable proportions and became one of the most important factors affecting economic and political life in both Central Asia and Russia. Labor migration began in the late 1990^s and peaked in 2014. During their stay in Russia, migrants faced various crises. They have always played a significant role in the socio-economic development of the country. Although migration has always had both positive and negative consequences for the host countries, from an economic point of view it has rather a positive impact on the host countries’ economies. After February 2022 Western countries have imposed new economic and political sanctions against Russia, which have affected the situation and orientation of migrant workers from Central Asian countries. Some migrants have started to look for other emigration channels, while the majority are still focused on Russia. Compared with previous crises, the migrant workers’ role in Russia’s economic and demographic development has increased now against the background of new sanctions.

   The object of the study is the process of Russian statehood formation and historical transformation.

   The subject of the study is the analysis of existing in the Russian scientific and public thought (pre-revolutionary and modern) different approaches to the interpretation of national features of Russian statehood foundations origin and evolution.

   The authors emphasize a number of fundamental problems of Russian statehood development, which today require creative comprehension by scientific community. The article substantiates the position on the enduring significance of domestic researchers’ and thinkers’ conclusions about the uniqueness of the process of Russian statehood foundations origin in the Old Russian state, which was fundamentally different from similar processes in Western states, the Tsardom of Muscovy political system specificity, which consisted in the cathedral structure of the state and received ideological justification in the “autocratic sobornost” doctrine. Special attention has been paid to the conclusions related to assessing significance of the long coexistence in the Russian state of two parallel beginnings such as the monarchical vertical of power and the rich veche tradition, which compensated for the relative weakness of the monarchy in technical and political sense. For the first time the issue of what place in Russian statehood transformation was occupied by the Time of Troubles of the early 17th century has been investigated in detail. Attention has been drawn to the conclusions of pre-revolutionary scientists and thinkers about the determining role of the Time of Troubles, which it played in the new attitudes’ formation to the state and state power in Russian society, including in the context of modern interpretations. The determining role of zemstvo bodies in the years of the Time of Troubles in the collapsing state preservation and revival has been pointed out. The conclusion has been made about the similarity of the Russian system of power with the Byzantine model, traditionally characterized by a combination of a rigid monarchical vertical and horizontal of developed self-government. The role of the state idea uniting society in preserving stability and sustainability of any state has been emphasized.

   Youth political engagement is a crucial aspect of modern society. In this regard, digitalization opens huge communicative and mobilization opportunities by transforming young people’s political participation into a digital format with unpredictable consequences. The article analyzes digitalization impact as a complex multi-stage process in modern world on forming youth political leadership. The essence and stages of digitalization, the consequences of digital technologies impact on society, political processes, and youth environment have been studied. The transformational impact on socialization, communicative culture and self-consciousness of youth as a fundamental basis for forming its most active part – youth political leaders – has been revealed. The authors consider how the use of digital means of communication, social networks, and digital ecosystems contributes to the activation of youth participation in political life, accelerates the process of forming youth political leaders, providing their “promotion” in the online space and supporters mobilization. Challenges and threats of digitalization faced by youth and young political leaders have been considered. The authors concluded that digitalization at the present stage is the most important condition for attracting and forming youth political leadership, but this aspect requires further study and support at the public policy level.