The article analyses the problems of female mentoring, which has become a priority in recent years. This is justified by numerous data on the percentage of women in the management of companies in many countries, including Russia, and its dynamics over the past 15 years. The article is based on the methodology of an integrated approach and system analysis. The theoretical basis of the article is the publications of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the problems of the female mentoring peculiarities in the world and Russian economy sectoral spheres. Familiarisation with regulatory documents and government programs, methods of comparative analysis were chosen as research methods. The methods used also included the method of expert assessments, normative and logical methods. The analysis of methods, mechanisms, tools and other aspects of updating the track of female mentoring and its features in the Russian management system is carried out. Based on the generalization of the obtained research results, the main directions of the development of female mentoring in business, state corporations, public organizations, authorities and other spheres of activity are formulated and a structural diagram of the distinctive features of female mentors is presented. The peculiarities of the female style of mentoring and, in particular, role-left mentoring are considered separately. In conclusion, using the example of the Russian federal project “Women: Mentoring School” in the Year of Science and Technology, as well as the crosscutting trend “Women in male professions. Challenges and advantages” the actualization of the stated issues is given. The presented information will allow business representatives and top management of Russian companies to navigate the established directions in the development of women’s mentoring in various areas of the Russian economy, as well as make rational management decisions.

The environmental agenda for the development of economic systems necessitates the formation of a market for secondary petrochemical products. A comparative analysis of the policies of sustainable development of petrochemical companies showed that the policy of sustainable development of individual budinesses is currently focused on the use of the following tools: development of the product portfolio, participation in international initiatives, partnerships and forums; voluntary industry initiatives and private projects to implement the first steps towards the collective goals of sustainable development. Among the main solutions of the reviewed organisations are products made of renewable raw materials and recyclable products. At the same time, the implementation of the responsible production and consumption by petrochemical companies is limited by the production and technological solutions of manufacturers of consumer goods. Environmentally unsustainable use of polymers by such enterprises makes their recycling difficult and limits the implementation of the concept of circular economy in petrochemicals. The article identifies key problems in the management and use of secondary resources: underdeveloped waste market conditions; uneven scale and geography of waste; inconsistent and inefficient (unsystematic) measures of waste market regulation, difficulties in forecasting prices for key raw materials and building a pricing mechanism in key markets, which are represented by polyethylene terephthalates, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and polypropylene. The introduction of chemolysis into the well-established technological processes of oil and gas chemical companies to work with secondary polymers requires an assessment of the acceptable level of risk. The needs of the market on the part of customers are not fully formed, so the dynamic changes, creating difficulties for petrochemical companies. Most of the highlighted problems are typical for both Russian and global markets of secondary petrochemicals. At the same time, the features of state regulation and logistics services for secondary petrochemical products are regional in nature, therefore, they are considered in the work for the conditions of the Russian Federation. 

Now, when the world economy is gradually transforming into a low-carbon one, the criterion of sustainable development of the green economy is becoming an increasingly decisive factor in the competitiveness of the state. Another aspect of relevance is the fact that aggressive business development, especially in terms of lending and investment, often opposes environmental protection issues. The purpose of this article is to study the practice of green finance in developed countries and identify development prospects in the Russian Federation. The methods of system and critical analysis, as well as graphical method were used in the work. It is revealed that foreign developed countries are actively improving legislation and introducing mechanisms of green financing. These processes do not always occur smoothly, it takes time to adapt and develop them, but there are more and more green financial instruments, the global financial system is gradually changing. It has been established that the processes of green energy transfer should have a steady but smooth character, otherwise there is always a risk of getting a completely unexpected negative result. It has been revealed that Russia has all the necessary resources to build a new, more environmentally friendly economy through green financing. But the transition to sustainable development, improvement of infrastructure and environmentally friendly industries is impossible without the active intervention of the state and changes in the self-consciousness of Russians.

The article deals with the organization and implementation of intra-structural processes of accounting and control of financial results as a tool to improve the efficiency of accounts receivable management at pharmaceutical enterprises. In order to meet the requirements of the market for the quality of products, the management needs not only to increase the level of manufacturability of production, but also to solve the issues of improving the efficiency of enterprise management aimed at achieving the planned values of financial results. A key role in choosing a management decision is played by the organization of mechanisms for collecting, processing and storing production information at the enterprise, the development of algorithms for accounting and control of enterprise performance indicators. The availability of systematized information sources at the enterprise serves as a justification for the choice of a particular management strategy. The achievement of the tasks set by the management of the enterprise is ensured not only by the quality of managerial decision-making, but also by the introduction of mechanisms of internal accounting and control processes. The authors substantiate the importance of accounts receivable management in building effective enterprise management and achieving the greatest efficiency of the enterprise. Special attention in the article is paid to the importance of accounting and management accounting, as well as control of key parameters of the company’s activities, which allow to identify the causes of deviations of actual parameters from the basic ones and to develop recommendations for adjusting the implemented control influence on the internal processes of the enterprise. According to the authors, the considered mechanism for building and organizing the functioning of intra-structural processes for accounting and controlling financial results ensures the adoption of operational management decisions, the timely identification and leveling of deviations, which makes it possible to overcome crisis situations and minimize the negative impact of external and internal factors on the enterprise.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends and problems of employment in the United States. The main objectives of the article are defined in accordance with the stated goal: to study the dynamics of employment in the 21st century, to assess participation in the labor force by different age groups and socio-demographic characteristics, to consider the problems of youth employment, scientific and engineering personnel, to show the role of small business in providing employment, analyze gender and part-time employment issues in the US labor market. The paper uses the system, economic-statistical, logical, and comparative analysis approaches. The study is based on data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that employment is an integral element of life that has a significant impact on both the socio-economic and political situation in the country and in the world. The analysis made it possible to identify current trends. Among the long-term challenges, there is a decline in the economic activity of the American population. The workforce is aging and transforming. Due to immigrants and the growth of the number of young racial-ethnic groups that identify themselves as multi-racial, there is a trend towards an increase in the multinationality of the United States. The most vulnerable groups of the population are youth, women, as well as people with a low level of education. The correlation between the level of education, unemployment and income is shown. One of the long-term trends is the growth of employment in sectors related to research, introduction of technological innovations and use of scientific and engineering knowledge.

The article considers the scale of emigration from Tajikistan to Russia, the distribution of Tajik migrants on the territory of Russia, the importance of the educational migration development for Tajikistan. As well as the trends of educational emigration from Tajikistan to Russia, the prospects of educational migration from Tajikistan and practical recommendations for Tajikistan on the preservation and return of highly qualified specialists to the country are proposed. Tajikistan, as a country with a young return structure of the population, has become a significant participant in various migration flows in recent years. Migrants from Tajikistan can be divided into two parts according to the level of education: the first is young people with secondary or incomplete secondary education, very rarely – with vocational education. The second group consists of middle-aged and older people, skilled workers, and specialists with secondary specialized and higher education. Traditionally, Tajik youth went to study in Russia and Kazakhstan. Half of Tajik university graduates are trying to continue their studies and/or find a job abroad using the Internet. Many people see educational migration as one of the channels of emigration. This process is accompanied by the receipt byTajik citizens of another education orretraining, the recognition of Tajik diplomas, the passage of appropriate courses in the receiving countries. The socio-economic situation in Tajikistan and the opportunity to earn money and improve living conditions both inside the country and abroad were primarily the driving factor of migration from Tajikistan to Russia. The main reasons why migrants do not want to return to Tajikistan are not only low wages at home, but also great opportunities abroad, which have not only economic, but also political and social dimensions (freedom of political views, the possibility of self-expression, the possibility of realizing abilities). As a result of this wave of migration, Tajikistan is losing not only young people, but also bright potential. We need a policy of attracting highly qualified people to the country, which is impossible without real changes in the socio-economic and political sphere. The purpose of the article is to identify trends and prospects for the development of educational migration from Tajikistan to Russia, as well as the consequences of educational emigration for Tajikistan. 

The article analyzes the state support provided by the authorities of the Russian Federation to the information technology industry from the point of ensuring national security. The authors also set a goal to identify the shortcomings of the support, based on regulatory legal acts that have been adopted over the year 2021. The study emphasizes that, despite the balanced approach of the legislator to solving key issues, such as the lack of an unambiguous understanding of some legal categories, gaps in education legislation, insufficient attention to some types of digital technologies, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of public administration and further support of the industry development. Сurrently there is a tendency in the world to tighten legislation in the field of violations in the virtual space, and many states are seeking to streamline and systematize the use of digital technologies, including big data. At the same time, of course, it is not allowed to ignore the fundamental rights and freedoms of the end user. The legislative experience of the European Union is given as an example. Special attention is paid to the need to control the process of knowledge transmission in the information sphere. The novelty and relevance of the study lies in the fact that its main provisions are considered for the first time in Russian humanitarian knowledge. The authors believe that only the question of the conceptual and categorical apparatus was previously considered by Russian specialists, but the conclusions of many researchers are already outdated. The paper also states that in the conditions of rapidly developing digital technologies, it is necessary to create importsubstituting equipment, systems and software that will reduce the digital divide, if it grows.

The era of digital transformation implies fundamental changes in society, educational processes, professional activities and everyday life of people. This allows building economic relations in a new way, establishing cultural ties, planning, making and implementing decisions. Digital technologies are becoming an important tool for educational transformation and they affect the value of the digital system positively. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the introduction of digital technologies into the system of teaching students at the university. The empirical methods such as questioning, analysis, study and generalization are used in the research. The paper concludes that undergraduate students consider the active introduction of digital transformation into the educational process as a necessary component for acquiring modern digital competencies. The perspectives for the study lie in the introduction of modern digital technologies focused on the widespread use of active teaching methods that contribute to the deepening of the professional specialization of the educational process in the era of the digital economy. The scientific novelty of the paper bases on the fact that the authors examine the impact of digital technologies used in the process of teaching at a university on the degree of students’ readiness to enter a new educational space and to participate in the educational process based on the use of information, communication and digital technologies.

Electoral participation is the most accessible way for citizens to influence the political course of the country. This determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. In the course of the study, the authors found that a set of measures, aimed at changing the order of organization and conduct of voting in Russia, contributed to an increase in the effectiveness of the electoral process and the interest of the youth audience in political activity. The purpose of this study is to identify modern mechanisms of political management of electoral participation of student youth in Russia. The objectives of this study are to study the interest of student youth in the implementation of socio-political activities, as well as to identify the features of electoral behavior of student youth in Russia. The research was conducted using such methods as: classical analysis of documents, the method of comparative analysis and the survey conducted in the form of a questionnaire using the Google.forms resource. The results of the author’s sociological research “Political activity of youth as a factor of electoral participation in Russia” show that students are willingly interested in socio-political activities and express their interest in the development of civic initiative. In the course of the study we found a growing interest among students in a new, for Russia, form of political participation – political volunteering.

The article gives the author’s interpretation of the genesis of Venezuela political system during the presidency of Hugo Chavez (1999–2013). In the article, when considering the hybrid regime proposed by Guillermo O’Donnell, an attempt was made to analyze the transformation of the political system with the advent of democracy in Venezuela, in which the author highlights the features and democratic or authoritarian aspects inherent in the government from democracy in Venezuela in 1958. The constitutional orders of 1961 and the new Constitution of 1999 constitute the fundamental legal foundations of the entire democratic process that has existed from 1958 to the present, which, obviously, in a historical perspective, points to the trinity of law, power and force, manifested in such historical moments, like overthrowing Perez Jimenez. On the basis of the conducted historical and documentary research, the author of the article concludes that the hybrid regime established by H. Chavez in the first five years of his reign became more and more authoritarian over time. According to the author of the article, the peculiarity of the Chavez administration is that not only legal, regulatory and informal instruments aimed at restricting freedom of expression and assembly, hindering the emergence of democratic pluralism, but also repressive measures. 

The article analyzes the current state of the institution of parliamentary parties in the Russian Federation, the political and legal conditions of their activities, and examines the political processes that determine the trends and prospects for their development. The study of modern scientific literature on the relevant topic made it possible to get acquainted with various assessments of the state of the parliamentary parties institution in Russia, as well as with the factors that determine the features of their development at the present time. The method of problem-chronological analysis made it possible to determine the main stages in the evolution of parliamentary political parties in Russia. The method of comparative analysis made it possible to identify common and specific features of their development in current conditions. The development of the institution of parliamentary parties is considered in the context of the modernization processes of the entire political system of Russian society, the evolution of the public administration system. The author notes the significant role of external factors, including crisis phenomena in the international situation, growing tensions and the transition to open confrontation between Russia and the West. This has a considerable impact on the ideological component of political parties, both pro-government and those representing the parliamentary opposition. The article concludes that the changes taking place in the socio-political life of modern Russia predetermine the emergence of new forms and mechanisms of decision-making, affect the role of parliament and parliamentary parties in the process of political decision-making, affect the capabilities and potential of political parties. According to the author, the prospects for the development of the institution of parliamentary parties in modern Russia directly depend on the entire system of public administration and social development, their improvement and further enhancement of the role of political parties at the national, regional and local levels. 

In recent years, direct democracy has received more and more attention and has become the subject of much research in the field of political science. The development of direct democracy is seen as a mean of consolidating modern democracy. Therefore, most democratic countries in the world have been making efforts to build appropriate mechanisms to promote the positive effects of this form of democracy, including Vietnam. Characterized as a developing country with a single-party ruling political system, Vietnam aims to build a united and cohesive society on the basis of ensuring the people’s mastery through direct and representative democracy. Since entering the period of renovation (since 1986), direct democracy has been of more interest in Vietnam along with the legal basis system for this form of democracy is increasingly improved. However, it must be acknowledged that, for a country that has not had a long history of implementing democracy, especially direct democracy, the Vietnamese legal system that regulates this field still has many limitations. The article gives an overview of the current legal system of direct democracy in Vietnam, thereby analyzing a number of limitations and shortcomings and orienting some solutions to overcome these problems.