Economic and ecological aspects of cooperation between Russia and China under Western sanctions

The ecological and economic aspects of cooperation between Russia and China have been studied in the context of Western sanctions, which were imposed against Russia in February 2022. The impact of environmental factors on the dynamics of economic interaction between the two countries has been considered. Trade volumes in 2023 have been analyzed, and it demonstrated changes in the structure and directions of trade, as well as adaptation to new realities. The issues related to the imposition of sanctions against Russia, the changes in trade turnover, and their impact on the economies of the two countries have been studied. The trade volume between Russia and China at the present stage in the context of the tightening of Western sanctions against Russia has been considered. The prospects for ecological and economic relations development have been discussed, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and joint efforts in the environmental protection sphere. Key trends have been identified and recommendations for further cooperation in the context of current economic challenges have been provided. The study is based on data on foreign trade and economic relations between the two countries, as well as economic indicators related to the sanctions. The analysis of the dynamics of trade volumes, commodity structure, and the impact of sanctions on the exchange of goods and services between China and Russia has been carried out. The study results allow for concluding that under the conditions of the sanctions, trade between Russia and China remains stable and even increases in certain sectors of the economy. The data obtained can be useful for decision-making in the sphere of international trade and economic cooperation.

1. Frolov E., Zhang H. The Role of Bilateral Relations in the Global Economic Landscape: A Case Study of China and Russia. Global Economic Review. 2020;1(49):67–82. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1226508X.2019.1625312

2. Liu Y., Zhang X. Economic Cooperation Between China and Russia: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of International Trade & Economic Development. 2020;5(29):557–575. https:// doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2020.1738460

3. Lukonin S.A., Vakhrushin I.V. Russian-Chinese trade and economic cooperation against the background of anti-Russian sanctions. Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region. 2023;1(119):160–180. (In Russian).

4. Pavlov N., Li D. Energy cooperation in Russia-China relations: economic and environmental consequences. Energy policy. 222;159:112–125. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112125

5. Rybina M.N., Isaenko V.O. World economy and international economic relations. Moscow: Knorus; 2023. 184 p. (In Russian).

6. Toraeva M.O., Yakovlev A.A. Cooperation between Russia and China in new conditions: some economic results for 2023. RSM. 2024;3(124). (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31249/rsm/2024.03.01

7. Tolokonnikova E.V. China’s economy in 2015 and its role in the international economy. Naukovedenie. 2015;5(7). (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.15862/233EVN515

8. Tolokonnikova E.V. Economic aspects of solving the global environmental problem in China. Dis. ... Cand. Sci. (Econ.): 05.02.05. Moscow: State University of Management; 2017. 172 p. (In Russian).

9. Chen Y., Petrov V. Innovative practices in economic cooperation between Russia and China: emphasis on green technologies. International Journal of Technology Management. 2021;3-4(85):260–276. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2021.112852

10. Shchenin R.K., Polyakov V.V. World economy and international economic relations. Moscow: Yurayt; 2014. 446 p. (In Russian).

11. Vardomsky L.B. Russian-Chinese economic relations in the context of growing international tension. Journal of the New Economic Association. 2023;1(58):142–148. (In Russian).

12. Yakovleva A., Liu Ts. Sustainable development initiatives in economic relations between Russia and China. Sustainable development. 2021;2(29):133–144. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2080