State financial incentives for research and development activities as a mechanism for achieving technological sovereignty

   In the modern world, one of the key goals of developed countries is to achieve technological sovereignty, which is possible with effective state financial incentives for R&D.

   The purpose of the study is to assess the instruments of R&D state financial stimulation in the context of achieving technological sovereignty of a country, as well as to develop recommendations for their improvement.

   The assessment of global trends in the financial support of R&D, the dynamics of global expenditures on R&D, the ranking of countries in terms of R&D financing, and the main foreign and domestic financial instruments of state stimulation (grants, subsidies, venture financing, government guarantees, preferential lending, tax incentives, public procurement of R&D) have been analyzed. Recommendations have been offered (including on the basis of implementing the best foreign practices) on additional measures that can ensure achieving technological sovereignty through R&D financial support. The importance of R&D state financial stimulation in order to ensure technological sovereignty has been emphasized.

1. Gokhberg L.M., Ditkovsky K.A., Kotsemir M.N. et al. Science. Technologies. Innovations: 2025. Moscow: Higher School of Economics; 2025. 104 p. (In Russian).

2. Klavdienko V.P. State support for research and innovation in the business sector: foreign experience. Society and Economy. 2022;9;38–48. (In Russian). doi: 10.31857/S020736760021860-5

3. Klavdienko V.P. State support of R&D and innovation inthe business sector of the European Union’s countries. Innovations. 2021;4(270):63–68. (In Russian). doi: 10.26310/2071-3010.2021.270.4.008

4. Semenova E.V., Uvarov A.D. Priorities of state support for R&D. In: The role of science in modern agroindustrial complex development: Proceedings of the Regional Conference, Velikiye Luki, October 19–20, 2022. Velikiye Luki: Velikiye Luki State Agricultural Academy; 2022. Pp. 122–124. (In Russian).

5. Simonov S.V., Osipov V.S. Priority areas of support for small and medium-sized enterprises within the framework of innovation policy. Upravlenie / Management (Russia). 2023;11(4):68–78. (In Russian). doi: 10.26425/2309-3633-2023-11-4-68-78

6. Shumskaya E.I., Eremina V.D. Public administration of higher education as a key to scientific and technological development. Vestnik universiteta. 2023;11:21–30. (In Russian). doi: 10.26425/1816-4277-2023-11-21-30

7. Zhivitsya A.E. Foreign experience of venture investment as basis for venture funds promotion in Russia. Vestnik USTU-UPI. 2010;4:115–125. (In Russian).