<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">manguu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-3633</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-1645</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State University of Management</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12737/24707</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">manguu-80</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOREIGN EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль пенсионных фондов в финансировании государственного долга США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of Pension Funds in Financing US Federal Debt</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. экон. наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>Центр социальноэкономических Исследований и проектов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Researcher, Center for SocialEconomic Studies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pasha12098@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelianov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р экон. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Центр социальноэкономических исследований и проектов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Economic Sciences, Leading Researcher, Center for SocialEconomic Studies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">es73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт США и Канады РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for USA and Canada Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аксенов П.А., Емельянов С.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аксенов П.А., Емельянов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aksenov P.A., Emelianov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://upravlenie.guu.ru/jour/article/view/80">https://upravlenie.guu.ru/jour/article/view/80</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются динамика государственного долга и источники его финансирования; в фокусе внимания пенсионные фонды, прежде всего федеральный пенсионный фонд, средства которого могут быть инвестированы только в государственные ценные бумаги. Государственный долг США в процентах от ВВП остается ниже, чем во многих других странах мира. Однако его объем достиг почти 20 трлн. долл. Можно выделить две основные составляющие государственного долга: держателями которого являются инвесторы, не относящиеся к федеральному правительству, и основными держателями которого являются целевые государственные фонды, в том числе фонды пенсионного страхования. Превышение пенсионных выплат над общими поступлениями, ожидается, начиная с 2017 ф.г., лишь по самому неблагоприятному сценарию; однако в перспективе прогнозируется существенная эрозия накоплений в Федеральном пенсионном фонде, что ограничивает возможности финансирования государственного долга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines main trends in financing the federal debt, pointing out its structure, with focus on the role of pension funds as a source of financing; because the surplus of Social Security funds is loaned to the rest of the government; interlinks concerning this process and possible problems; the peculiarities of the federal government pension system’s investment in the government bonds. The US public debt as a share of GDP is much less than in many countries, but its volume is near 20 trln. doll. It may be classified by marketable and non-marketable securities, which are mainly owed to certain government trust funds such as the Social Security trust fund. So the Social Security trust fund, in effect is exchanging one type of debt for the other, taking into consideration that the non-marketable securities represent amounts owed to the beneficiaries. The reserves are in effect borrowed for a time by the rest of the government, and then repaid with interest when the trust funds need them back. Looking ahead Social Security will continue to be financed through its own receipts, mainly payroll tax; and Social Security Trust Fund surplus will become diminishing, with less possibilities to finance federal debt.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственный долг США</kwd><kwd>пенсионные фонды</kwd><kwd>пенсионная система</kwd><kwd>федеральный бюджет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>US federal debt</kwd><kwd>pension funds</kwd><kwd>Social Security</kwd><kwd>federal budget</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Фонда РГНФ, проект 15-07-00002 (а) «Роль государственной политики в повышении эффективности использования пенсионных накоплений как инвестиционного ресурса в эпоху глобализации»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедева Л.Ф. Позиции России и США в полицентричном мире: социально-экономический аспект [Текст] / Л.Ф. Лебедева // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. – 2012. – № 11 (515). – С. 003–013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva L.F. Pozitsii Rossii i SShA v politsentrichnom mire: sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiy aspekt [Positions of Russia and the United States in a polycentric world: the socioeconomic aspect]. SShA i Kanada: ekonomika, politika, kul’tura [US and Canada: the economy, politics, culture]. 2012, I. 11 (515), pp. 003–013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедева Л.Ф. Факторы и механизмы обеспечения социальной безопасности в начале XXI века (опыт США) [Текст] / Л.Ф. Лебедева // США и Канада: экономика, политика, культура. – 2016. – № 7. – С. 25–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva L.F. Faktory i mekhanizmy obespecheniya sotsial’noy bezopasnosti v nachale XXI veka (opyt SShA) [Factors and mechanisms for social security at the beginning of the XXI century (US experience)]. SShA i Kanada: ekonomika, politika, kul’tura [US and Canada: the economy, politics, culture]. 2016, I. 7, pp. 25–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пенсионные системы стран мира: стратегии и опыт модернизации [Текст]. – М.: Весь мир, 2016. – 96 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pensionnye sistemy stran mira: strategii i opyt modernizatsii [Pension systems around the world: strategies and experience of modernization]. Moscow, «Ves’ Mir» Publ., 2016. 96 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный бюджет США в период президентства Б. Обамы [Текст]. – М.: Весь мир, 2016. – 96 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal’nyy byudzhet SShA v period prezidentstva B. Obamy [US Federal budget during the presidency of Barack Obama]. Moscow, Ves’ mir Publ., 2016. 96 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acturial Status of the Social Security Trust Funds. SSA. Wash., June 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acturial Status of the Social Security Trust Funds. SSA. Wash., June 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aksenov P.А., Lebedeva L.F. Problems and Prospects of Russian Pension System: A Comparison with OECD countries. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XI, Issue 7(45) 2016. – in engl.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksenov P.A., Lebedeva L.F. Problems and Prospects of Russian Pension System: A Comparison with OECD countries. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XI, Issue 7(45) 2016. –in engl.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebedeva L.F., Aksenov P.A., Emelyanov S.V., Emelyanov E.V. The Pension Funds’ Investment Regulation at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Comparative Analysis of Approaches of the USA, Canada, and the EU-15 Countries // Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. – 2015. – Т. 6. Nо. 4. – Pр. 155–162. (In English).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva L. F., Aksenov P. A., Emelyanov S. V., Emelyanov E. V. The Pension Funds’ Investment Regulation at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Comparative Analysis of Approaches of the USA, Canada, and the EU-15 Countries // Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. – 2015. – V. 6. N 4. – P. 155–162. (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morrison W., Labonte M. China’s Currency: An Analysis of the Economic Issues. Congressional Research Service. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morrison W., Labonte M. China’s Currency: An Analysis of the Economic Issues. Congressional Research Service. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OASDI Trustees Report 2016. https://www.ssa.gov/OACT/ TR/2016/VI_C_SRfyproj.html#306103 (дата обращения: 28.11.2016).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OASDI Trustees Report 2016. Available at: https://www. ssa.gov/OACT/TR/2016/VI_C_SRfyproj.html#306103 (accessed 28 November 2016).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pattison David. Social Security Trust Fund Cash Flows and Reserves. Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pattison David. Social Security Trust Fund Cash Flows and Reserves. Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patton. US Debt is Heading Toward $20 Trillion: Where It’s been, Where It’s going and Why? Forbes. 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patton. US Debt is Heading Toward $20 Trillion: Where It’s been, Where It’s going and Why? Forbes. 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report on Foreign Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities as of June 30, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report on Foreign Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities as of June 30, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">US Federal Budget. FY 2017. W., 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">US Federal Budget. FY 2017. W., 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">When should public debt be reduced? IMF, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">When should public debt be reduced? IMF, 2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
