manguuУправлениеUPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia)2309-36332713-1645State University of Management10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-4-121-131manguu-576Research ArticleВЫЗОВЫ И УГРОЗЫTHREATS AND CHALLENGESНовые санкции Европейского союза и США в отношении России и их влияние на социально-экономическое развитие ТаджикистанаNew sanctions of the European Union and United States against Russia and their impact on Tajikistan’s socio-economic developmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-5857РахмоновА. Х.RakhmonovA. Kh.

Рахмонов Абубакр Хасанович, канд. экон. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник

119333, Фотиевой ул., 6к1, г. Москва

Abubakr Kh. Rakhmonov, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Senior Researcher

6k1, Fotievoi ul., Moscow 119333

abubak.93@mail.ruИнститут демографических исследований – обособленное подразделение Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наук (ИДИ ФНИСЦ РАН)РоссияInstitute for Demographic Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IDR FCTAS RAS)Russian Federation202224012023104121131Copyright © Рахмонов А.Х., 20232023Рахмонов А.Х.Rakhmonov A.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://upravlenie.guu.ru/jour/article/view/576

В статье анализируются социально-экономические отношения между Таджикистаном и Россией, новые санкции стран Европейского союза и США в отношении России и их влияние на экономику и благополучие Таджикистана, а также роль системы передачи информации и совершения платежей SWIFT (англ. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication – Общество всемирных межбанковских финансовых каналов связи) в российских и таджикских банках, включая отключение SWIFT от российских банков и его влияние на денежные переводы трудящихся-мигрантов в Таджикистане. Уделяется внимание политике Республики Таджикистан по противодействию кризису. После обретения независимости экономика Таджикистана сильно пострадала от гражданской войны в республике. Россия является одним из основных доноров экономики Таджикистана. Есть страны, которые более, чем Таджикистан, связаны с Россией, но трудно найти страну, которая могла бы конкурировать с Таджикистаном с точки зрения зависимости от России: от нее зависят почти все секторы экономики Таджикистана. Таджикистан является страной-донором трудовых мигрантов, и денежные переводы от трудящихся-мигрантов играют большую роль в экономике Таджикистана. Банковский сектор Таджикистана поддерживается за счет денежных переводов таджикских трудовых мигрантов. За годы независимости Таджикистан так и не вывел свою экономику из-под влияния России. Зависимость таджикской экономики от России проявилась в самые первые дни конфликтных действий на территории Украины в феврале 2022 г. После заявления западных стран о введении новых санкций по ограничению доступа некоторых российских банков к международной межбанковской системе SWIFT обнажились проблемы рынка финансового посредничества Таджикистана. Беспрецедентный пакет санкций со стороны западных стран из-за ситуации с Украиной уже привел к ряду проблем внутри Таджикистана. Санкции Европейского союза и США в отношении России также оказали сильное влияние на все секторы экономики Таджикистана – от цен на продовольствие до банковского сектора. Цель статьи – оценить роль обозначенных санкций в связи с конфликтом на территории Украины и их влияние на экономику и благосостояние Таджикистана.

The article examines the socio-economic relationship between Tajikistan and Russia, the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia and their impact on the economy and well-being of Tajikistan, and the role of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) in Russian and Tajik banks, including the disconnection of SWIFT from Russian banks and its impact on remittances of migrant workers in Tajikistan. Attention is paid to Tajikistan’s crisis management policy. After gaining independence, Tajikistan’s economy suffered greatly from the civil war in the republic. Russia is one of the main donors to Tajikistan’s economy. There are countries that are more connected to Russia than Tajikistan, but it is difficult to find a country that could compete with Tajikistan in terms of dependence on Russia. Almost all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy depend on Russia: Tajikistan is a donor country for migrant workers, and remittances from migrant workers play an important role in Tajikistan’s economy. Only, at the expense of money transfers of Tajik labor migrants, the banking sector of Tajikistan is supported. Over the years of independence, Tajikistan has not taken its economy out of the influence of Russia. The dependence of the Tajik economy on Russia manifested itself in the very first days of the conflict actions on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022. After the statement of Western countries on the introduction of new sanctions to restrict the access of some Russian banks to the SWIFT, the problems of the financial intermediation market of Tajikistan were exposed. An unprecedented package of sanctions by Western countries due to the situation with Ukraine has already led to a number of problems inside Tajikistan. European Union and USA sanctions against Russia have also had a strong impact on all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy, from food prices to the banking sector. The aim of the article is to assess the role of the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia in connection with the conflict in Ukraine and their impact on the economy and welfare of Tajikistan.

экономикаТаджикистанЕвропейский союзРоссияэкономические санкцииСШАденежные переводытрудовые мигрантыблагосостояние населенияeconomyTajikistanEuropean UnionRussiaeconomic sanctionsUSAmoney transfersmigrant workerspopulation welfareReferencesAlimov B.Kh. (2013), “Russia and Tajikistan: development of strategic relations in the years of independence”, Vestnik TadzhikskogoAlimov B.Kh. (2013), “Russia and Tajikistan: development of strategic relations in the years of independence”, Vestnik TadzhikskogoGosudarstvennogo Universiteta Prava, Biznesa i Politiki, no. 4 (56), pp. 187–192.Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Prava, Biznesa i Politiki, no. 4 (56), pp. 187–192.Dadabayeva Z.A. (2019), “Trade and Economic Cooperation of the EAEU countries with the Republic of Tajikistan”, Post-Soviet Issues, vol. 6, no 4, pp. 355–365. https://doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-4-355-365Dadabayeva Z.A. (2019), “Trade and Economic Cooperation of the EAEU countries with the Republic of Tajikistan”, Post-Soviet Issues, vol. 6, no 4, pp. 355–365. https://doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-4-355-365Dzhuraev D.G. (2015), “Trade and economic relations of the Republic of Tajikistan with the Russian Federation in the years ofindependence: 1991–2013” = “Torgovo-ekonomicheskie otnosheniya Respubliki Tadzhikistan s Rossiiskoi Federatsiei v gody nezavisimosti: 1991–2013 gg.”: Abstr. Diss. ... Cand. Sci. (Hist.): 07.00.15, Tajik National University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan (in Russian).Dzhuraev D.G. (2015), “Trade and economic relations of the Republic of Tajikistan with the Russian Federation in the years ofindependence: 1991–2013” = “Torgovo-ekonomicheskie otnosheniya Respubliki Tadzhikistan s Rossiiskoi Federatsiei v gody nezavisimosti: 1991–2013 gg.”: Abstr. Diss. ... Cand. Sci. (Hist.): 07.00.15, Tajik National University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan (in Russian).Karamyslova E.S., Komilov Sh.G. (2014), “Problems and prospects of cooperation of Tajikistan and Russia”, In: Proceedings of the 5th International scientific student Congress “Development of the Russian economy: problems and prospects”, Moscow, 28 February – 18 April 2014, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Publ.House, Moscow, Russia, pp. 458–462 (in Russian).Karamyslova E.S., Komilov Sh.G. (2014), “Problems and prospects of cooperation of Tajikistan and Russia”, In: Proceedings of the 5th International scientific student Congress “Development of the Russian economy: problems and prospects”, Moscow, 28 February – 18 April 2014, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation Publ.House, Moscow, Russia, pp. 458–462 (in Russian).Khramova M., Ryazantsev S., Rakhmonov A., Kasymov O. (2020), “The impact of remittances from abroad on socio-economic development in Tajikistan”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 79–95, https://doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.09Khramova M., Ryazantsev S., Rakhmonov A., Kasymov O. (2020), “The impact of remittances from abroad on socio-economic development in Tajikistan”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 79–95, https://doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.09Kurbanov S.A. (2020), “Trade and economic relations between Russia and Tajikistan in the period of market transformations (analysis)”, Services in Russia and abroad, no. 3 (18), pp. 69–80.Kurbanov S.A. (2020), “Trade and economic relations between Russia and Tajikistan in the period of market transformations (analysis)”, Services in Russia and abroad, no. 3 (18), pp. 69–80.Nazarshoev N.M. (2013), “Russia — strategic partner of peace-building in Tajikistan” = “Rossiya – strategicheskii partner mirostroitel’stva v Tadzhikistane”, Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo gumanitarnogo instituta. Seriya: istoriya, filosofiya, politologiya, pravo, no. 2, pp. 9–9.Nazarshoev N.M. (2013), “Russia — strategic partner of peace-building in Tajikistan” = “Rossiya – strategicheskii partner mirostroitel’stva v Tadzhikistane”, Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo oblastnogo gumanitarnogo instituta. Seriya: istoriya, filosofiya, politologiya, pravo, no. 2, pp. 9–9.Oliphant C. (2013), Russia’s role and interests in Central Asia, SAFERWORLD, London, UK.Oliphant C. (2013), Russia’s role and interests in Central Asia, SAFERWORLD, London, UK.Rakhimov M. (2015), “Central Asia in the Context of Western and Russian Interests”, L’Europe en Formation, no. 375, pp. 140–154, https://doi.org/10.3917/eufor.375.0140Rakhimov M. (2015), “Central Asia in the Context of Western and Russian Interests”, L’Europe en Formation, no. 375, pp. 140–154, https://doi.org/10.3917/eufor.375.0140Stollenwerk Ph. (2011), “Russia, India and China in Central Asia: Towards Conflict or towards Cooperation” = “Rossiya, Indiya i Kitai v Central’noi Azii: k konfliktu ili k sotrudnichestvu”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 7–18.Stollenwerk Ph. (2011), “Russia, India and China in Central Asia: Towards Conflict or towards Cooperation” = “Rossiya, Indiya i Kitai v Central’noi Azii: k konfliktu ili k sotrudnichestvu”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 7–18.Ulmasov R.U. (2015), “Tajikistan and Russia: the game in migration field”, Horizons of economics = Gorizonty ekonomiki, no. 2 (21), pp. 27–34.Ulmasov R.U. (2015), “Tajikistan and Russia: the game in migration field”, Horizons of economics = Gorizonty ekonomiki, no. 2 (21), pp. 27–34.Wilson J.L. (2021), “Russia and China in Central Asia: Deepening Tensions in the Relationship”, ACTA VIA SERICA, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 55–90, https://doi.org/10.22679/avs.2021.6.1.003Wilson J.L. (2021), “Russia and China in Central Asia: Deepening Tensions in the Relationship”, ACTA VIA SERICA, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 55–90, https://doi.org/10.22679/avs.2021.6.1.003

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.