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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">manguu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Управление</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-3633</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-1645</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State University of Management</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-3-46-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">manguu-432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MANAGEMENT IN ECONOMY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Специалисты и генералисты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Specialists and generalists</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анохов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anokhov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анохов Игорь Васильевич, канд. экон. наук</p><p>SPIN: 1444-3259, Researcher ID: AAF 9428 2020129626, ул. 3-я Мытищинская, 10, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Econ.)</p><p>Author ID: 260787, SPIN: 1444-3259, Researcher ID: AAF 9428 2020</p><p> 10, 3d Mytischinskaya st., 129626, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.v.anokhov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Научно-исследовательский институт железнодорожного транспорта» (ВНИИЖТ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Railway Research Institute (JSC VNIIZhT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анохов И.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анохов И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anokhov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://upravlenie.guu.ru/jour/article/view/432">https://upravlenie.guu.ru/jour/article/view/432</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена специализация труда с точки зрения всеобщей организационной науки А.А. Богданова (тектология), методология которой позволяет получить выводы, отличные от общепринятой концепции разделения труда А. Смита. Цель статьи – исследование особенностей специалиста и его отличия от генералиста.</p><p>С тектологической точки зрения причиной всякого процесса или явления лежит та или иная разность. В основе специализации труда также лежит разность – разность между исходными ресурсами и коллективным потреблением. Глубина специализации труда определяется размерами коллектива, объемом его потребления и другими факторами. Достижение глобальным рынком пределов привело к сокращению разностей на большинстве рынков и к снижению прибыльности производства, что в перспективе может привести к сворачиванию материально-энергетических потоков. Качественно новой разностью может быть разность между ценностями и смыслами человечества, с одной стороны, и дегуманизированной техносферой, с другой. Субъектами, потенциально способными связать эти разности, являются генералисты, содержащие в себе самих понимание техносферы как системы, осознание долгосрочных причинно-следственных связей, а также ценности и смыслы человечества.</p><p>Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в исследовании процесса специализации труда и перспектив его перехода к универсализации и генерализации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers labor specialization in terms of A.A. Bogdanov’s General Organizational Science (Tectology), whose methodology provides conclusions different from generally accepted A. Smith’s concept of labor division. The article’s goal is to investigate specialist’s characteristics and his difference from generalist.</p><p>In terms of tectology, the difference is the cause of any process or phenomenon. Labor specialization is also based on difference – the difference between initial resources and collective consumption. The depth of labor specialization is determined by the number of people and the volume of their consumption. Reaching the global market’s limits has led to a reduction of differences in most markets and a decrease in production profitability, which in the long term can lead to the curtailment of material and energy flows. A qualitatively new difference may be the difference between the values and meanings of humanity, on the one hand, and the dehumanized technosphere, on the other. Subjects capable of linking these differences are generalists, capable of combining an understanding of the technosphere as a system, an awareness of long-term cause-and-effect relations, and the values and meanings of humanity.</p><p>The scientific novelty of the findings obtained lies in studying labor specialization and the prospects of its transition to universalization and generalization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>cпециалист</kwd><kwd>специализация</kwd><kwd>генералист</kwd><kwd>универсалист</kwd><kwd>универсал</kwd><kwd>разность</kwd><kwd>тектология</kwd><kwd>производство</kwd><kwd>потребность</kwd><kwd>разделение труда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>specialist</kwd><kwd>specialization</kwd><kwd>generalist</kwd><kwd>universalist</kwd><kwd>universal</kwd><kwd>difference</kwd><kwd>tectology</kwd><kwd>production</kwd><kwd>need</kwd><kwd>labor division</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альтшуллер Г.С. 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