manguuУправлениеUPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia)2309-36332713-1645State University of Management10.26425/2309-3633-2019-2-48-56manguu-192Research ArticleУПРАВЛЕНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫMANAGEMENT IN ECONOMY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTSФакторы роста и значимость теневой экономики в африканских странахGrowth factors and the importance of the shadow economy in African countrieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-1587АлхассанТ. Ф.AlhassanT. F.

аспирант

МоскваORCID: , e-mail: 

Postgraduate Student

Moscow

atijaniforgor@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-0631БлохинаТ. К.BlokhinaT. K.

д-р экон. наук

Москва

Doctor of Economic Sciences

Moscow

tk24@list.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский Университет Дружбы Народов»РоссияPeoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation201930062019724856Copyright © Алхассан Т.Ф., Блохина Т.К., 20192019Алхассан Т.Ф., Блохина Т.К.Alhassan T.F., Blokhina T.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://upravlenie.guu.ru/jour/article/view/192

В статье рассмотрены факторы, вызывающие быстрое расширение теневой (неформальной) экономики в развивающихся странах, особенно в Африке к югу от Сахары. Теневой сектор экономики является крупнейшим и быстрорастущим сектором в регионе, поэтому существует необходимость в изучении и выработке политических рекомендаций в целях развития. Авторы изучили некоторые определения теневой экономики известных авторов и обозначили суть данных определений. Рассмотрены факторы, тормозящие развитие сектора, и изучены причины низкого финансового доступа среди этих предприятий. Выявлено, что одной из главных проблем является информационная асимметрия, которая ограничивает доступ к финансам фирмами теневой экономики. Следовательно, небольшой (ограниченный) доступ к финансам, ограничивает инновационную деятельность малых и средних предприятий, с помощью которой эти фирмы производят товары и услуги для удовлетворения местных нужд.Однако, нельзя не учитывать роль теневой экономики, поскольку этот сектор обеспечивает более 55 % занятости, а также вносит более 50 % в валовой внутренний продукт региона. Таким образом, это в большей степени способно задушить малые и средние предприятия в теневом секторе экономики и их инновационные проекты, что способно замедлить технологическую индустриализацию и развитие экономики региона. Обоснована позиция автора в отношении мер по решению проблем финансовой доступности и доступа теневых малых и средних предприятий к финансовым ресурсам в регионе. Таким образом, необходимо большее внимание политиков и бизнес-сообщества к решению проблем, обозначенных в статье, что содействует экономическому и инновационному развитию региона.

The factors, causing the rapid expansion of the shadow economy (informal economy) in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa have been considered in the article. The shadow economic sector is the largest and fast growing sector in the region, therefore, it is necessary to study and make policy recommendations for development. The authors have studied some definitions of the shadow economy of well-known authors and outlined the essence and background of these definitions. Furthermore, the factors, dragging the development of the sector have been considered. The reasons behind low financial access among these enterprises have been studied. It has been revealed, that information asymmetry is one of the main problems, which limits access to finance by firms of the shadow economy. Consequently, small, (lower) access to finance limits the innovation activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, through which these firms produce goods and services to address (meet) local needs.However, the role of the shadow economy cannot be overlooked as the sector provides more than 55 % of employ and also contributes more than 50 % of the region’s gross domestic product. Thus, it is more able to stifle small and medium-sized enterprises in the informal sector of the economy and their innovative projects, which can slow down the technological industrialization and economic development of the region. The author’s position on measures to solve the problems of financial accessibility and access of shadow small and medium-sized enterprises to financial resources in the region has been substantiated. Thus, there is need of great attention of policy makers and the business community in tackling the problems, designated in this article, because it contributes to the economic and innovative development of the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.